exam 2 pitch and loudness modulation

muscles and their actions involved in pitch and loudness modulation

cricothyroid of cricothyroid apparatus

pitch

increasing length/tension, increases pitch

posterior cricoarytenoids

pitch

lengthening vocal folds, small role in increasing pitch

thyroarytenoid (vocalis)

pitch

stiffens vocal folds, increases pitch

thyroarytenoid (vocalis 2)

slackens and thickens vocal folds, decreases pitch

lateral cricoarytenoid

pitch

increased medial compression, decreases amount of effective mass that can vibrate (holding guitar string down), increases pitch

thyrohyoid

pitch

raises larynx and increases stiffness, increases pitch

subglottal/trachea

loudness

increase in subglottal/tracheal pressure, increases loudness

lateral cricoarytenoids and interarytenoids

loudness

adduct= more resistance and opposing pressure, meaning folds remain longer at midline, increases loudness

respiratory system

loudness

large respiratory drive, increases loudness

vocal folds

loudness

greater amplitude of vocal fold vibration, increases loudness

oral cavity

loudness

larger oral cavity/exaggerated movements of oral cavity, increases loudness