Reproduction (3.1-3.13)

FSH

________- Causes a single follicle in the ovary to mature (a mature follicle contains the egg, along with other surrounding cells)

Petals

________- Brightly coloured to attract pollinating insects to the plant.

LH

________- Secreted from pituitary glands which stimulate ovulation.

Fallopian Tubes

________ (Oviducts): Carry the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

Vagina

________: Provides a passageway for the sperm and menstrual flow /It also functions as the birth canal.

Fertilisation

________ occurs when the nucleus Of this fuses with a pollen cell nucleus.

Estrogen

________ triggers the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.

Contraceptive Pills

________: Work by mimicking some of the hormone levels during pregnancy.

Food store

________- starch for the young plant to use until it is able to carry out photosynthesis.

mixture of sperm

The ________ and the fluid in which it is transported is called semen.

Pollination

________: transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther) to the female part (stigma)

Ejaculates semen

________ and is also used to discharge urine.

Cervix

________: Involved in menstruation /It holds the fetus in place during pregnancy /Dialates during birth to allow the fetus to leave the uterus.

IVF

________: If fertilisation can not occur due to the sperm count or quality being low, the egg cell can be fertilised outside of the body and then be implanted back into the uterus.

Testosterone

________ triggers the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.

Scrotum

________: Protect testes and keep them at several degrees lower than the normal body temperature.

Ovaries

________- produces the female sex cells which are contained in the ovules.

corpus luteum

The ________ secretes progesterone which maintains the thick uterus lining in preparation for implantation.

acrosome

A(n) ________ (part of the tip of the head) that releases enzymes to digest the egg membrane.

Urethra

________: A tube that carries urine or semen.

Germination

________ is a process, controlled by enzymes, in which the seed begins to develop into a new young plant.

gestation period

The ________ for humans is 9 months.

Asexual Reproduction

________: the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Progesterone

________- Maintains the uterus lining in the case of pregnancy.

Stigmas

________- the female part of the plant which collects pollen from insects or from the air.

Self Pollination

________: Pollen from anther of a flower can land on stigma of the same flower or flower on the same plant.

Insects

________ are also attracted by scents and nectar in the plant.

Major development of organs

________ takes place within the first 12 weeks, during which time the embryo gets nutrients from the mother by diffusion through the uterus lining.

Cytoplasm

________ containing energy store for cell division after fertilisation.

Anthers

________- Produces male sex cells in the form Of pollen.

→It

________ occurs in the oviducts.

→Movement

________ of all molecules across the placenta occurs by diffusion due to difference in concentration gradients.

placenta

The ________ holds the embryo in place (the uterus)

AI

________: Sperm is directly inserted into the uterus.

Labour

________ is triggered by the oxytocin hormone.

STIs

Sexually transmitted diseases (________): Infections that can be transmitted via body fluids during sexual contact.

→Asexual reproduction

________ in crop plants can be advantegous; a plant with desirable characteristics- eg, high yeild- can be made to reproduce asexually.

Penis

________: The primary male sex organ- used in sexual intercourse.

→The virus attacks

________ lymphocytes in the blood stream, and a decreased lymphocyte count leads to reduced antibodies, and therefore compromised immunity.

sperm ducts

The ________ are cut, meaning that no sperm is present in the semen when ejaculation occurs.

embryo

The ________ develops into a placenta connected by an umbilical cord.

Prostate gland

________: Secretes prostate fluid (one of the fluids that make up semen)

Umbilical artery

________: Carries blood from the fetus to the placenta.

Sexual Reproduction

________: the process involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring.

young root

The ________ and shoot that will become the adult plant.

dietary requirements

Before birth, the baby obtains all ________ from the mother via the placenta.

amniotic sac

Pressure from contraction breaks the ________ and releases amniotic fluid.

Uterus

________ lining breaks down due to the lack of progesterone.

HIV infection

________ can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Asexual Reproduction

the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Sexual Reproduction

the process involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring

Gamete

Sex cells

Male part

Stamen

Female part

Pistil/carpel

Pollination

transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther) to the female part (stigma)

Sepals

protect unopened flowers

Petals

Brightly coloured to attract pollinating insects to the plant

Anthers

Produces male sex cells in the form Of pollen

Stigmas

the female part of the plant which collects pollen from insects or from the air

Ovaries

produces the female sex cells which are contained in the ovules

Cross-pollination

Pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant of the same species (provides genetic variation)

Self Pollination

Pollen from anther of a flower can land on stigma of the same flower or flower on the same plant

Fertilisation

when a pollen nucleus fuses with an ovum nucleus in the ovule

embryo 

the young root and shoot that will become the adult plant

food store 

starch for the young plant to use until it is able to carry out photosynthesis

seed coat 

a tough protective outer covering

The testes

The glands in which sperm and testosterone are produced

Scrotum

Protect testes and keep them at several degrees lower than the normal body temperature

Sperm ducts

A duct through which the sperm pass in order to be transported from the testes to the outside of the male body

Prostate gland

Secretes prostate fluid (one of the fluids that make up semen)

Urethra

A tube that carries urine or semen

Ovaries

To produce the hormones oestrogen and progesterone/ It is also the site of egg development and ovulation

Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts)

Carry the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

Uterus

Place for embryo and fetus developement

Cervix

Involved in menstruation/ It holds the fetus in place during pregnancy/ Dialates during birth to allow the fetus to leave the uterus

Vagina

Provides a passageway for the sperm and menstrual flow/ It also functions as the birth canal

Fertilisation

the fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm cell) and a female gamete (egg cell)

Umbilical artery

Carries blood from the fetus to the placenta

Ovaries start to release egg cells

menstruation starts

Estrogen

Builds the uterus lining

Progesterone

Maintains the uterus lining in the case of pregnancy

FSH

Causes a single follicle in the ovary to mature (a mature follicle contains the egg, along with other surrounding cells)

LH

Secreted from pituitary glands which stimulate ovulation

Contraceptive Pills

Work by mimicking some of the hormone levels during pregnancy

Fertility treatments

==

IVF

If fertilisation cannot occur due to the sperm count or quality being low, the egg cell can be fertilised outside of the body and then be implanted back into the uterus

AI

Sperm is directly inserted into the uterus

Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs)

Infections that can be transmitted via body fluids during sexual contact