Revolutions: Nationalism, Discontent, and Ideologies

Flashcards covering the causes and major events of revolutions, including nationalism, discontent with monarchists, new ideologies, and specific revolutions like the American, French, Haitian, and Latin American revolutions, as well as nationalist movements in the Philippines, Italy, and Germany.

Nationalism

A sense of commonality among people based on shared language, religion, social customs, and linked to a desire for territory.

Popular Sovereignty

The concept that the power to govern is in the hands of the people themselves.

Liberalism

An economic and political ideology that emphasizes the protection of civil rights, the necessity of a representative government, the protection of private property, and economic freedom.

American Revolution

Began in 1776 due to British taxes and curtailment of freedoms; resulted in the United States' independence in 1783.

French Revolution

Began in 1789, inspired by democratic ideals and resentment towards Louis XVI's attempts to tighten control; led to the establishment of a republic.

Haitian Revolution

Began in 1791, led by Toussaint Louverture, where enslaved Haitians revolted against the French, establishing the second republic in the Western Hemisphere and the first black government in the region.

Latin American Revolutions

Inspired by enlightenment ideas, Creole resentment of Peninsulares' power, and Napoleon's invasion of Spain; resulted in the independence of many Latin American colonies.

Creole Class

Those who were of European heritage but were born in The Americas

Propaganda Movement (Philippines)

Filipino students absorbed nationalist and enlightenment ideas in Europe and brought them home; advocated for reforms but not independence from Spain.

Unification of Italy and Germany

Nationalist fervor inspired military leaders to unify fragmented states into single governments through diplomacy and military tactics.