Chem (Ch. 6)

What is the fundamental need for atoms in ionic compounds?

To achieve chemical stability by obtaining a full outer shell of eight valence electrons, as per the Octet Rule.

What are the two types of ions formed in ionic compounds?

Cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged).

What is the goal of ionic compounds in terms of charge?

To ensure electrical neutrality, where the total positive charge equals the total negative charge.

How do ionic compounds differ from molecular compounds?

Ionic compounds do not exist as discrete units but as repeating patterns of ions in a crystal lattice.

What is a formula unit in the context of ionic compounds?

The simplest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.

What does the Octet Rule state?

Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve eight valence electrons.

How is the charge of an ion calculated?

Charge = Number of Protons - Number of Electrons.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

What is the significance of Roman numerals in naming ionic compounds?

They indicate the specific oxidation state of metals that can form multiple positive ions.

What is the Criss-Cross Method used for?

To determine the subscripts for ions in a chemical formula by crossing the numerical values of their charges.

What is a polyatomic ion?

A group of atoms covalently bonded together that carries an overall charge.

What is the difference between '-ate' and '-ite' in naming oxyanions?

'-ate' indicates the base version with more oxygen atoms, while '-ite' indicates one less oxygen atom.

What is the empirical formula?

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound, also known as the formula unit for ionic compounds.

What is the formula for sodium chloride?

NaCl.

How do you write the formula for calcium nitrate?

Ca(NO_3)_2, using parentheses for the polyatomic ion.

What is the typical charge for metals in Groups 1, 2, and 13?

They have fixed charges based on their group number.

What is the charge of a chloride ion?

Cl^- (negative one charge).

What is the charge of a sodium ion?

Na^+ (positive one charge).

What is the purpose of Lewis structures in ionic compounds?

To visualize the transfer of electrons between atoms.

What is the typical charge of iron in iron(II) and iron(III)?

Iron(II) has a charge of +2, and iron(III) has a charge of +3.

What does the term 'binary compound' refer to?

A chemical compound composed of exactly two different elements.

What is the charge of a sulfate ion?

SO_4^{2-} (negative two charge).

What does the term 'oxidation state' indicate?

The charge of an ion, indicated by a number (and a Roman numeral for variable metals).

What is the typical charge of zinc?

Zn^{2+} (positive two charge).

What is the charge of a nitrate ion?

NO_3^- (negative one charge).

What is the formula for magnesium oxide?

MgO, derived from Mg^{2+} and O^{2-}.