APUSH Terms 4B

This set of flashcards covers key figures, events, and movements in American history that are essential for understanding the period.

John C. Calhoun

A political theorist and statesman from South Carolina, known for his strong support of states' rights, nullification, and the protection of Southern interests.

Henry Clay

An American statesman and orator from Kentucky, known as 'The Great Compromiser.' He served in both the House and Senate, playing a key role in major compromises like the Missouri Compromise.

Nullification Crisis

A sectional crisis in the early 1830s when South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariffs, asserting a state's right to reject federal laws it deemed unconstitutional.

Martin Van Buren

The eighth President of the United States and a key contributor to the formation of the Democratic Party. His presidency was marked by the Panic of 1837.

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

A landmark Massachusetts Supreme Court case that ruled labor unions were lawful organizations and strikes, conducted lawfully, were not illegal conspiracies.

Tariff of Abomination

A derogatory name for the Tariff of 1828, which raised tariffs on imported goods. It benefited Northern manufacturing but was strongly opposed by Southern agricultural states.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

A Supreme Court case that held the state of Georgia could not enforce its laws within Cherokee territory, recognizing the Cherokee Nation's sovereignty. President Andrew Jackson chose to defy the ruling.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

A law authorizing the removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, often under duress.

Black Hawk War

A brief conflict in 1832 between the United States and Native Americans, led by Chief Black Hawk, who attempted to return his people to their ancestral lands.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of thousands of Native American nations from their ancestral lands in the southeastern U.S. to 'Indian Territory' during the 1830s, resulting in immense suffering and deaths.

Whig Party

A political party active in the mid-19th century that emerged in opposition to President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party, generally advocating for a strong federal government and internal improvements.

Panic of 1837

A severe financial crisis in the United States that led to a major economic depression, causing widespread bank failures, unemployment, and business bankruptcies.

Know-Nothing Party

A nativist political party in the 1850s, formally the American Party, known for its strong anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic sentiments.

Cult of Domesticity

A 19th-century belief system that emphasized the role of women as homemakers and caregivers, promoting virtues like piety, purity, and submissiveness as ideal for married women.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A violent slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831 led by Nat Turner, which resulted in the deaths of many individuals and led to stricter slave codes across the South.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement that emerged in the 1830s, emphasizing individual intuition, self-reliance, and the inherent goodness of people and nature.

Free Soil Party

A political party active from 1848 to 1854 that opposed the expansion of slavery into new western territories, advocating for 'free land' for white laborers.

Second Great Awakening

A Protestant religious revival movement from the late 1790s through the 1830s that inspired a wave of social reform movements, including abolitionism and temperance.

Charles Finney

A prominent American Presbyterian minister and leader during the Second Great Awakening, known for his emotional sermons and advocacy for social reforms.

Horace Mann

An influential education reformer who promoted universal public education and advocated for common schools, teacher training, and curriculum development.

Temperance Crusade

A social movement in the 19th century aimed at reducing or prohibiting the consumption of alcohol, believing it caused social problems.

Dorothea Dix

An advocate for the reform of mental health institutions, working to improve conditions and treatment for the mentally ill throughout the United States and Europe.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, which launched the women's suffrage movement and issued the 'Declaration of Sentiments' outlining grievances and demands for equality.

William Lloyd Garrison

A prominent abolitionist known for his influential anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator, which advocated for immediate emancipation.

Sojourner Truth

An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist, known for her powerful speeches, including 'Ain't I a Woman?', advocating for the rights of both women and enslaved people.

Frederick Douglass

A former enslaved person who became a national leader in the abolitionist movement, an orator, writer, and a staunch advocate for civil rights.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

An American author and abolitionist best known for her influential anti-slavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin, which greatly impacted public opinion on slavery.