Endocrine Systems

What is the main function of endocrine glands?

They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

What are exocrine glands?

Glands that send chemical substances via ducts to the outside of the body.

What is homeostasis in the context of the endocrine system?

Maintain a constant internal environment in the body.

What is the role of prostaglandins?

Produced in tissue to go a short distance, often called tissue hormones, involved in pain, fever, and the healing process.

What are the main hormones released by the anterior pituitary?

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, and GH.

What hormones does the posterior pituitary store?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin.

How does the hypothalamus influence the pituitary gland?

It controls the anterior lobe via hormones and the posterior lobe via nerve signals.

What are the primary functions of thyroid hormones?

Regulating metabolic rate, controlling heart rate, and affecting body temperature and digestion.

What is the function of aldosterone?

Controls blood pressure and blood volume, retains sodium and water.

What triggers the stress response in the body?

Stress activates the brain, signaling the pituitary gland to release ACTH.

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 occurs in younger individuals and involves no insulin production; Type 2 occurs in older individuals and may involve insulin resistance.

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Produces thymosin, responsible for maturation of T-lymphocytes and immune response.

What is the role of the pineal gland?

Secretes melatonin, regulating sleep in response to light.

What is negative feedback loop in the endocrine system?

A mechanism that reverses the direction of change to maintain stability.

What are alpha and beta cells in the pancreas responsible for?

Alpha cells secrete glucagon (raises blood sugar) and beta cells secrete insulin (lowers blood sugar).