terminology for quiz 1

Paradigm

Rules and condition we use to understand those things we perceive

Paradigm shift

A change in paradigm, such as the shift from a geocentric to a heliocentric view of the universe.

Issue

A complex, multi-faceted problem that requires a solution

Problem

Smaller than an issue, requires a solution, and does not necessarily involve differing viewpoints.

Patterns (geography)

Occurs over space, involving arrangements o features on earth’s surface most effectively displayed in maps

Trends (geography)

Occur over time, and involves changes in the value of features over time, best displayed in graphs.

Spatial significance

What s where? Identifying whre they are located. Why there? Analyzing unique characteristics. Why care? Importance/impact

Bias

Prejudice in favor of or against a perspective, group, or individual.

Mass Media

Various forms of communication used to reach a large population.

Mainstream Media

Media distributed by the largest and most popular outlets.

Alternative Media

Small, independent media outlets offering different viewpoints from mainstream media.

Environmental Issues

Issues that impact the natural environment or human interactions with nature.

Political Issues

Concerns related to power, control, and organization of governance.

Social Issues

Interpersonal relations and cultural factors affecting communities.

Economic Issues

Financial matters impacting the economy or personal finances.

Characteristics of an Issue

Issues are complex, interrelated, and controversial with multiple viewpoints involved.

Social Perspective

How an issue impacts individuals, organizations, or communities.

Economic Perspective

How an issue relates to finances, costs, and the economy.

Environmental Perspective

How an issue affects the natural world and its processes.

Political Perspective

How an issue relates to governance and laws.

Mainstream bias

Reporting on common stories while ignoring others.

Sensational bias

Highlighting unusual events as if they are more common.

Gatekeeping bias

Declining to report or covering up certain stories.

Coverage bias

Focusing on only specific aspects of a story.

Advertising bias

Stories modified to appease advertisers.

Corporate bias

Only showing corporations in a positive light due to ownership influence.

Stakeholder

 a person/group that have a connection or say in an issue

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures based on one’s own cultural norms.

Cultural Relevance

Viewing behavior from the perspective of the individual’s own culture.

Mercator Projection

A map projection known for its accuracy in navigation, but distorts size and shape. Polar regions are larger, equatorial regions are smaller

Robinson Projection

Minimizes distortion across size and shape, but compresses certain areas.

Winkel-Tripel Projection

A map projection that better represents size and shape of Earth’s features. Prime meridian and equator are straight line while other parallels and meridians are curved

Gall-Peters Projection

Area-accurate world view, but distorts land mass shapes. Used in many textbooks

Autha Graph Projection

An equal-area map projection that accurately displays all regions.

Cartographer

A person who draws maps.

Perspective (worldview)

The personal focus and framework through which we understand the world.

Rules of Mapping

Guidelines including title, author, north arrow, legend, and format of text on maps.