Necturus- Origin, Insertion, Function

Omoarcual

Origin: Rectus cervicis

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Draws humerus craniad

Pectoralis

Origin: Linea alba and Coracoid cartilage

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Adducts forelimb

Procoracohumeralis

Origin: Procoracoid cartilage

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Draws humerus craniad

Supracoracoideus

Origin: Coracoid cartilage

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Adducts forelimb

branchiohyoideus

Origin: First branchial arch

Insertion: Ceratohyal cartilage

Function: Moves branchial arches and hyoid

Geniohyoid

Origin: medical mandible

Insertion: Second basibranchial cartilage

Function: Depresses lower jaw and draws hyoid cranially

Interhyoideus

Origin: Fascia covering branchiohyoideus

Insertion: Median raphe

Function: Elevates floor of throat

Intermandiibularis

Origin: Rami of mandible

Insertion: Medial raphe

Function: Elevates floor of throat

Rectus cervicis

Origin: Rectus abdominis

Insertion: Branchial cartilages

Function: Retracts tongue and lowers head

Subarcual

Origin: Gill cartilage

Insertion: Gill cartilage

Function: Depresses gills

Transversis ventralis

Origin: Rectus cervicis

Insertion: Last gill cartilage

Function: Depresses gills

Coracobranchialis

Origin: Coracoid cartilage

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Adducts forelimb

Humeroantebranchialis

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Radius

Function: Flexes forearm

Triceps brachii

Origin: Glenoid fossa, humerus, and Coracoid cartilage

Insertion: Ulna

Function: Extends forearm

Depressor mandibulae

Origin: Third branchial arch

Insertion: Posterior end of mandible

Function: Depresses lower jaw

Dilatator laryngis

Origin: Fascia near dorsal midline

Insertion: Lateral cartilages of larynx

Function: Dilates larynx

Levator mandibular anterior

Origin: Frontal and parietal bones

Insertion: Lateral dentary

Function: Elevates lower jaw

Levator mandibular externus

Origin: Frontal and parietal bones

Insertion: Lateral dentary

Function: Elevates lower jaw

Levatores arcuum

Origin: Fascia of Epibranchial muscles

Insertion: Epibranchial cartilages

Function: Elevates external gills

Cucullaris

Origin: Fascia of Epibranchial muscles

Insertion: Scapula

Function: Elevates the pectoral girdle

Dorsalis scapulae

Origin: Suprascapular cartilage

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Elevates the forelimb

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Fascia of Epibranchial mucles

Insertion: Shoulder and proximal end of humerus

Function: Draws humerus caudad

Pectoriscapularis

Origin: Epibranchial cartilage

Insertion: Scapula and Procoracoid cartilage

Function: Draws shoulder and forelimb craniad

Dorsalis trunci

Origin: Myosepta and transverse processes of vertebrae

Insertion: Myosepta and transverse processes of vertebrae

Function: Flexes the vertebral column laterally

External oblique

Origin: Transverse processes of trunk vertebrae

Insertion: Connective tissue of rectus abdominis

Function: Compresses the coelom and flexes and rotates the trunk

Internal oblique

Origin: Transverse processes of trunk vertebrae

Insertion: Connective tissue of rectus abdominis

Function: Compresses the coelom and flexes and rotates the trunk

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Anterior margin of the pubic cartilage

Insertion: Transverse inscription

Function: Flexes the trunk ventrally

Transversus

Origin: Transverse processes of trunk vertebrae

Insertion: Connective tissue of rectus abdominis

Function: Compresses the coelom and flexes and rotates the trunk

Caudocruralis

Origin: Posterior border of the puboischiotibialis

Insertion: Haemal arches of caudal vertebrae 3-6

Function: Flexes tail

Caudofemoralis

Origin: Haemal arches of caudal vertebrae 3-6

Insertion: Femur

Function: Flexes tail and draws hindlimb caudad

Ilioextensorius

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Tibia and fascia covering the knee

Function: Extends the shank

Iliofibularis

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Fibula

Function: Extends the shank and draws the hindlimb caudad

Iliotibialis

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Tibia

Function: Adducts the hindlimb

Ischiocaudalis

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Haemal arches of caudal vertebrae

Function: Flexes tail

Ischioflexorius

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Fascia of foot

Function: Flexes shank and toes

Pubo-ischio-femoralis externus

Origin: Puboischiac plate

Insertion: Femur

Function: Adducts the hindlimb

Pubo-ischio-femoralis internus

Origin: Internal surface of the Puboischiac plate

Insertion: femur

Function: draws the femur craniad

Pubo-ischio-tibialis

Origin: Posterior Puboischiac plate

Insertion: tibia

Function: adducts the hindlimb

Pubotibialis

Origin: Anterior Puboischiac plate

Insertion: Tibia

Function: adducts the hindlimb