CH 8 Test US1

Who was the American who captured Fort ticonderoga?

Benedict Arnold

What was the British strategy?

Occupy the cities and occupy the capitol.

What role did Canada play in the Revolutionary War?

Canada was an early goal of the colonists. Canada became a brief battleground and served as a refuge for Loyalists.

Treaty of 1783 (Treaty of paris):

Britain formally recognized the independence of the
United States. Ended the American Revolution, not very favorable to the French. Granted generous boundaries: from the Mississippi (west) to Great Lakes (north) Spanish
Florida (south).

Characteristics of the colonial army & strategy:

Run away, shoot from a distance, aim for british army officers

What happened to the loyalists who fled?

Fled to Canada and england.

“I had not yet begun to fight”

John Paul

“Give me liberty or give me death”

Patrick Henry

Military leaders who fought in the southern battles:

Nathanael Greene, Daniel Morgan, Marquis de Lafayette, Henry Clinton, Charles Cornwallis

Social contract:

an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.

Molly pitcher:

Molly Pitcher (Mary Ludwig Hays) is a nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Revolutionary War.

Deborah Sampson:

Deborah Sampson disguised herself as a man and joined the Patriot forces during the American Revolution.

What was the dispute between lafayette and rochambeau?

Lafayette wants Rochambeau to move from Rhode Island but Rochambeau wouldn't move until he got word of the British moving in on August 14th.

American general who betrayed the colonies

Benedict Arnold

Why did the british hire hessians and why that might be a mistake?

Great Britain maintained a relatively small standing army, so it found itself in great need of troops at the outset of the American Revolutionary War. The liking for plunder made the Hessians unpopular with Americans. During the war, Hessian plundering often pushed neutral or indifferent Americans to the Patriot side.

Who wrote the crisis?

Thomas Paine

Who wrote common sense?

Thomas Paine

What guarantees did France want from the colonies?

The United States agreed to provide a defensive alliance to aid France should England attack. The two sides also agreed that neither France nor the United States would make peace with England until the independence of the United States was recognized. United States of North America," neither party could conclude a peace "with Great Britain without the formal consent of the other." The United States and France agreed "not to lay down their arms, until the Independence of the united states shall have been formally or tacitly assured by the Treaty or Treaties that shall terminate the War." France also recognized the independence of the United States, as dependent upon a military victory.

Underlying principle of declaration of independence:

The Declaration of Independence advocates a polity based on universal principles of liberty and equality, not ethnic nationalism (natural rights of humankind)

What is the declaration of independence based upon?

The Declaration of Independence states three basic ideas: (1) God made all men equal and gave them the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; (2) the main business of government is to protect these rights; (3) if a government tries to withhold these rights, the people are free to revolt and to set up a new government.

Why did General Howe not meet Burgoyne?

Howe decided to capture Philadelphia, the seat of the Continental Congress, rather than to work in concert with Burgoyne (boost his reputation). Howe did not have much respect for Burgoyne's army.

What was the role of Native Americans in the Revolutionary War?

Supporting both armies as scouts, soldiers and diplomats, the contributions of Native Americans were critical to many important events, battles and decisions that shaped the outcome of the war.

How did the British use Native Americans?

wanted them to attack the colonists

How did the Americans use Native Americans?

wanted them to stay out of the war

What was the dynamic between African Americans in the war?

South didn’t want african americans fighting because it might entice slaves to fight so they are removed. Then British offers freedom to slaves who fought. Then america reintroduced african americans into the war.

Advantages of the British army:

(+) 3-1 Against Rebels
(+) Wealth & Naval Power
(+) 50,000 trained soldiers
(+) 30,000 foreign trained soldiers (Hessians) (Germans)
(+) 50,000 Loyalists *Native Americans*

Advantages of Americans army:

(+) Numerous European officials volunteered swords for pay
(+) Americans trade space for time
(+) Geographical expanse
(+) No urban nerve centers
(+) Received foreign aid
(+) Fighting defensively, odds favored them
(+) agriculture in the colonies was self-sustaining
(+) All American citizens were armed with weapons
(+) Conquering capitals didn't mean defeat in the colonies
(+) Outstanding leaders (George Washington, Benjamin Franklin)

Victories Washington had in NJ (2):

Battle of Trenton & Battle of Princeton

Turning point in the Revolutionary War:

The Battle of Saratoga

Countries that aided America:

France, Spain and the Dutch Republic

2 most influential countries that aided America:

France & Spain

How was the war in the south different from the middle and new england colonies?

In the south a civil war erupted between Patriots and Loyalists, with many small battles between militias raging throughout the countryside. The middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. The first shots of American independence—from the words on paper through the exchange of gunfire—all began in Massachusetts. And the militia who responded to the first alarm came from throughout New England where they participated in the first true battle of the war at Bunker Hill.

Why did they choose Washington as a Commander in Chief?

Based on his previous military experience and the hope that a leader from Virginia could help unite the colonies.