NSB105 Wellness across the lifespan

Health

A state of complete physical, social, and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease

Wellness

A dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning, achieving an optimum balance between internal and external environments

illness

An abnormal process in which aspects of the social, physical, emotional, or intellectual condition and function of a person are diminished or impaired compared with that person's previous condition.

disease

1. A condition of abnormal vital function involving any structure, part, or system of an organism.
2. A specific illness or disorder characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms attributable to heredity, infection, diet, or environment

acute disease

A disease characterized by a relatively sudden onset of symptoms that are usually severe. An episode of acute disease results in recovery to a state comparable to the patient's condition of health and activity before the disease, in passage into a chronic phase, or in death

chronic disease

A disease that persists over a long period. The symptoms of chronic disease are sometimes less severe than those of the acute phase of the same disease. Chronic disease may be progressive, result in complete or partial disability, or even lead to death

The Ottawa Charter

a document developed by WHO that provides a framework for health promotion both globally and nationally
1. building healthy public policy
2. creating supportive environments
3. reorienting health services
4. developing personal skills
5. strengthening community action

Social determinants of health include factors such as:

Socioeconomic position - education, occupation, income
Early life
Social exclusion/social disadvantage
Social capital - social connectedness and networks
Employment and work
Housing - safe, affordable and secure
Residential environment - local resources, goods and services, safety, natural environment

Behavioural determinants of health include factors such as:

Healthy diet
Physical activity and exercise
Tobacco smoking
Alcohol consumption
Illicit drug use

individual determinants

includes age, sex, morbidities, biological and genetic factors

environmental determinants

include physical environments, such as housing and living environments, physical work environments, physical work environments, transport availability, pollution and weather

behavioural determinants

include lifestyle decisions on physical activity, relaxation activities, nutrition, sleep and work patterns, tobacco, alcohol and other drugs

social determinants of health

include broad range of factors such as family structure, social networks and norms, education, government structures, health system, discrimination. +economic determinants = socio-economic determinants

economic determinants

includes family, income, employment, regional socio-economic status and facilities. +social determinants = socio-economic determinants

prerequisites for health

peace, income, shelter, education, food, social justice and equity, sustainable resources, stable eco-system

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual group must be able to identify and to realise aspirations, to satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment

disease prevention

approaches and activities aimed at reducing the likelihood that a disease or disorder will affect an individual, interrupting or slowing the process of the disorder or reducing disability. different levels of disease prevention

Primary Prevention

preventing disease before it occurs e.g. sun safe campaigns

Secondary Prevention

reduces the impact of disease and disease development and prevent complications e.g. mammograms for early breast cancer prevention

Tertiary Prevention

in management of long-term, established complex disease, by slowing progress of disease and preventing complications e.g. targeted exercise program for adult with heart disease