PSY 123 Exam 1 Psychosocial Theory & Human development Theories

when does growth occur?

At every period of life, from conception through elder

what three systems interact during human life?

The biological, psychological, and societal systems.

a few change factors for the biological systems

include genetics, nutrition, and health.

a few change factors for the psychological system

include cognition, emotions, and social interactions.

A few change factors for the societal system

include culture, socioeconomic status, and public policies. and individual behavior

facts related to life expectancy

include genetics, lifestyle choices, healthcare access, and environmental factors.

what contributes to longevity

high levels of education, high levels of income, being married, having a low body-weight

theory

A system of concepts that provide a framework of organizing, interpreting and understanding observations with a goal of explaining and predicting behavior

Psychosocial evolution

The contribution of each generation to the knowledge and norms of society

6 elements of phychosocial theory

Stages of development, developmental tasks, psychosocial crisis, central process, networks of significant relationships, and coping

10 stages of development

Infancy, toddlerhood, early school age, middle childhood, early adolescence, later adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, later adulthood, elderhood

The radius of significant relationships, 3 contexts of development

Family, culture, ethnic group

what is prime adaptive ego quality

Mental states that form a basic orientation toward the interpretation of life experiences

evolutionary psychology

The study of the long-term historical origins of behavior

what three stages of the lifespan does evolutionary theory highlight

childhood, adulthood, elder hood

3 parts of personality based on freud

Id, Ego, Superego

Freud’s 5 stages of development

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

freud and Erickson similarities

both believed in the power of the unconscious

how does Piaget explain adaptation

Assimilation and accommodation

Piagets 4 stages of cognitive development

Sensorimotor intelligence, pre-operational thought, concrete operational thought, and formal operational thought

Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development

The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem-solving

how does classical conditioning apply to human learning

associations

who is associated with classical conditioning

Pavlov

How does operant conditioning apply to human learning?

repetition and consequences

who is associated with operant conditioning

Skinner

How does social learning apply to human learning?

Observation and imitation

who is associated with social learning

Bandura

differences between individualism and collectivism

Individual = freedom and independence, collectivism = group, Harmony, and consensus

Brofenbrenner layers

Micro, Meso, Macro, Chrono