AP European Study Guide.

Who was Zong Hae?

Muslim unit Admiral who was looking for tribute.

The Chinese built huge fleets, what were these called?

Treasure Fleets

Paying Tribute

To give someone money.

It is said that in ____ the Chinese discovered the ____

1423, Americas

What did the Mongols invade?

Eastern Europe

What was India known for?

Spice Trade

What did Europeans mostly want?

Pepper

The Empire ____ was rich in ____ and ____

Mali, Salt and God

_____ was spread peacefully

Islam (Muslims)

Persians Safavids

Shites

Ottomans

Sunnis

What were important trading centers and city states.

Genoa and Venice.

What did some Europeans believe in?

Prester John

_____ was a legendary Christian king in African

Prester John

Where is Columbus from?

Genoa

At the beginning of the period, Europe was a minor ____ with _____ that no one wanted.

region, goods

They (Europeans) wanted in on lucrative _______

Indian Ocean Trade

Columbus was offered ___ of any territories he discovered and ____ of any material rewards

viceroy, 1/10th

Viceroy

governor or ruler

What is Columbus's real name?

Cristobal Colon

Why did Europeans also want to expand?

Desire for Spices

What did Christians believe?

The people they don't convert will go to hell.

What is the act of travelling in order to convert someone to a certain religion?

Missionary Work

What was this term called?

Religious Fervor

_________ Curiosity

Renaissance

What did Europe (especially England), lack?

Lack of Economic Opportunity at Home.

In terms of Government power, what would the Government do?

Support anyone looking to venture, and help. Wanting to be remembered.

In exchange for the help, what would the Government ask for?

A percentage of anything of value they find.

Despite it not being fully termed yet, what is this an example of?

Capitalism.

Acronym for this:

Gold, God and Glory.

What aided in Technology and the Rise of Exploration?

Stronger Ships, Improvements in Cartography and New Technology.

What was the term for one of these stronger ships?

Caravel

_______ ships were made to impress while the _____ was more sea worthy.

Chinese ships, Caravel

Cartography

The making of maps

Where was the Caravel invented?

Portugal

What did the Caravel soon lead to?

Use of Sail Power, Mounting of Cannons and the Astrolabe.

Who were considered the first navigator of the stars?

Muslims, always praying to Mecca.

The ____ arrived in the Americas first, then the ____

Portuguese, Spanish.

What were two famous Portuguese explorers?

Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco Da Gama

Henry the Navigator

Portuguese Prince who support exploration, never actually went anywhere.

Why did the Portuguese have such luck going to Africa?

Favorable Geography

Bartholomew Diaz was the first to go to ______ and Vasco Da Gama went to _____

Southern Africa, India

The ____ were resisted in their attempts to establish themselves in the _______ by ______ controlled port cities.

Dutch, Indian Ocean trade, Muslim.

Why did Caravels have crosses on the sails?

To spread the message of Christianity

What did Columbus want?

To find a shorter route to Asia.

What led to him not going to Asia?

European cartographers and him were misled by Ptolemy's Geography

What did Ptolemy's Geography show?

Showed the Earth as smaller and made Asia look closer to the West from Europe.

What did he discover?

Bahamas

What did he live his life thinking?

Found an island off the coast of Asia.

Amerigo Vespucci

Italian, what the New World is named after.

Treaty of Tordesillas was in

1494

Treaty of Tordesillas

A line drawn by the pope on a map of the Atlantic, gave Spain control of everything west of the line and Portugal everything east of the line.

Ferdinand Magellan

Explorer, died in the pacific.

What did is his discovery of the pacific encourage?

Encouraged the Spanish to focus on the American Colonies.

John ___

Cabot

Jacques _____

Cartier

The English and French sought a Northwest passage across ____ to ____

North America to East Asia.

English Settlements

Pilgrims (Puritans)

What were the English Settlements in order?

Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth.

Jamestown was started by the

Virginia Company

What did they spend time looking for?

Gold and Silver

What was an era in Jamestown considered?

Dying Times.

What did they also do?

Attack nearby natives.

First slaves were brought to ____ in ____

Jamestown, 1619.

Where was Roanoke located?

In Virgina.

Puritans (Pilgrims), wrote the ______

Mayflower Compact

Where did the Puritans go first?

Netherlands

Why did they not like the Netherlands?

Kids being taught Dutch.

Out of 13 colonies, which one actually had religious freedom?

Maryland.

True or False: The French treated Natives worse than the English.

False

Black Robes

Catholic missionaries, sent by the French.

Where were French colonial officers encouraged to do?

Marry native women.

Courers de bois

Runner of the woods

What was the impact of the conquest? (Colonial Administration)

Four Viceroyalties, Viceroy.

What did the Spanish monarchy threaten colonies with?

Fear of Native uprisings to control its colonies.

Bartolome de Las Casas

Asserted that Indians had human rights, but said that they should use Africans as slaves instead.

The Encomienda System

Spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.

What was this system basically?

Slavery

Inca System

Rotational Labor

How were African Women treated differently compared to other European colonies?

English masters rarely freed the children they fathered with female slaves.

Columbian Exchange

Plants, Animals, Diseases.

What disease did the New World give to England?

Syphilis

What disease did England give to the New World?

Smallpox

Who brought Rice and Wheat to the New World?

English

What did the New World bring?

Corn and Potatoes

What crop is intertwined with slavery?

Sugar

After loss of Black Sea Slave trade, Genoese used Muslim prisoners, Jewish Refuges from Spain, Canary Islands, and _____

Black Africans.

Portuguese Slavery

Got most of their slaves from Africa by trading with local leaders.

What were the main crops to kickstart slavery?

Sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton

Triangular Trade

Trade of slaves, crops, and goods from the New World, to Europe, to Africa.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Four times many times as many Africans migrated to America than Europeans.

New World Gave to Europe

Sugar, tobacco and cotton

Europe gave to Africa

Textiles, rum and manufactured goods.

Africa gave the New World

Slaves

What was the reason for inflation in Spain in the 16th century?

The inability of Spanish agriculture and manufacturing to meet the growth of goods.

___ from the New World in huge quantities

Silver

___ was a Spanish tax.

Quinto.