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Apparent agreement generally causes people to like a stranger more than _.

disagreement

According to the fundamental basis of attraction, the desire to approach someone is called _.

Attraction

Research questions can broadly aim to describe events as they occur or establish _ connections between them.

causal

A sample consisting of whoever is readily available is known as a _ sample.

convenience

A _ sample is one that resembles the entire population of people who are of interest.

representative

Differences between those who volunteer to participate in research and those who do not signify _ bias.

volunteer

_ designs study patterns where a change in one event is accompanied by a change in another.

Correlational

How does correlation differ from causation?

Correlation indicates that two events change together but does not explain why.

Experimental designs provide insight into causes and effects by manipulating variables and _ assigning participants.

randomly

In relationship research, _ observations involve studying ongoing behavior in real time without interference.

direct

_ involves collecting short, real-time observation samples randomly across days to study behavior.

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA)

How do physiological measures contribute to relationship research?

They capture involuntary bodily reactions, providing objective insights into emotional states.

Ethical considerations in relationship research include informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, and access to _/resources.

counseling

Self-reports in relationship research can be prone to _ bias, which can lead to data distortions.

social desirability

Key dimensions in attachment style questionnaires are anxiety about abandonment and _ of intimacy.

avoidance

How does perceived support compare to actual support?

Perceived support often matters more than actual support for individuals' well-being.

Compared to romantic relationships, friendships are generally less passionate, less sexual, and less _.

exclusive

Emotional (talkimg to), physical (hug), advice (study tips), and material(new purse) are the four main types of _ provided by friends.

social support

What is the impact of emotional support on health?

Emotional support leads to physiological benefits like lower blood pressure and faster recovery from stress.

The _ states that repeated contact with someone typically increases liking for them.

mere exposure effect

According to the _, individuals tend to pair with others of similar overall mate value.

matching hypothesis

Factors influencing preferences in romantic partners include warmth and loyalty, attractiveness and vitality, and _.

status and resources

How do personal and cultural factors interact to shape attraction?

Attraction is shaped by both individual preferences (personal factors) and societal norms or cultural ideals (cultural factors). Personal experiences, personality, and past relationships influence what someone finds attractive, while culture dictates broader standards of beauty, mate selection norms, and what traits are valued in a partner.

What role does social media play in friendships?

Social media expands networks but can reduce meaningful, face-to-face interactions.

For intimacy and overall satisfaction, _ is considered critical within relationships.

trust

How do habitually close friendships evolve through life stages?

Friendship evolves from acceptance in childhood to intimacy in adolescence, and is shaped by romantic partnerships in adulthood.

idealization

The tendency to perceive a partner as perfect or better than they really are, often focusing on their positive traits while ignoring flaws.

Low _ can be a contributing factor to feelings of loneliness and emotional distress.

self-esteem

What is suggested practice for building and maintaining friendships?

Prioritize quality interactions, celebrate friends' successes, and provide

Apparent agreement

A situation in which two people seem to agree on something, but in reality, they do not fully share the same understanding, intention, or perspective.

Causal connection

A situation in which one partner’s behavior directly causes a change in the other partner’s feelings, thoughts, or behaviors.
Example: When Partner A consistently shows affection, Partner B feels more secure and loving in response.

Social desirability 

The tendency for people to present themselves in a favorable way, often exaggerating positive traits or downplaying negative behaviors to be liked or accepted by others.

Secure attachment

Comfortable with intimacy and independence; able to trust and communicate effectively in relationships.

Anxious attachment

Craves closeness and reassurance; often worries about partner’s commitment or fears abandonment.

Avoidant attachment

Discomfort with closeness; values independence and often distances themselves emotionally from partners.

perceived support

The belief or expectation that help and support from a partner or social network is available if needed.

Actual support

The tangible help or assistance that is actually provided by a partner or social network.