vocab unit 4 ap hug

Supranational organization

An alliance of multiple states that work together in pursuit of common goals, or address an issue that these countries share.

United Nations (UN)

A supranational organization, whose purpose is to promote human rights, international peace, stop war, and work together on humanitarian/economic problems.

European Union (EU)

A supranational organization, whose purpose is to address economic, social, and security issues of Western Europe.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A supranational organization, whose purpose is to protect the Arctic by protecting other countries that are part of the treaty.

Imperialism

The push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control other nations or people.

Colonialism

The practice of claiming and dominating overseas territory.

Neocolonialism

Control of developing countries by core countries through economic, political, or cultural pressure.

Self determination

The right of all people to choose their own political status.

Sovereignty

State’s political authority to govern itself with its own laws without external influences.

Territoriality

Attempt by an individual or group to control people by delimiting and asserting control of a geographic area.

Devolution

Central power in a state is broken up among regional authorities within its borders.

Choke point

A narrow strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass.

Shatterbelt

Instability in regions caused by territoriality and the quest for political power.

United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Maritime boundaries that state a country’s territorial seas that extend 12 nautical miles off its coast.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Policy that extends 200 nautical miles from the coast of a state.

Antecedent Boundaries

Established before many people settled into an area.

Consequent Boundaries

Type of boundary that takes into account differences within a cultural landscape by separating groups with distinct languages, religions, or ethnicities.

Subsequent Boundaries

Boundaries drawn in areas that are already settled where cultural landscapes exist or are being established.

Superimposed Boundaries

Boundaries drawn over existing borders by an outside, conquering force.

Geometric Boundaries

Boundaries that are mathematical and typically follow lines of latitude and longitude.

Relic Boundaries

Boundaries that once existed but no longer have an official function.

Demarcate

To draw a boundary of a physical object like stones, pillars, walls, or fences.

Administer

Manage the way things are maintained and how people will cross.

Delimit

To draw boundaries on a map in accordance to a legal agreement.

Define

To explicitly state in legally binding documentation where boundaries are located using reference points like latitude and longitude.

Semi autonomous

An area that is given some authority to govern its own territory independent of the government.

Autonomous

Given authority to govern their own territories entirely independent of the national government.

Federal states

Power is held by regional units of states or provinces.

Unitary State Power

Power held by the government that maintains authority over territory.

Reapportionment Seats

The number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives is adjusted after every 10-year census based on population changes.

Redistricting

Internal political boundaries that determine voting rates for the House of Representatives.

Electoral college

Electors choose to elect the president, and citizens vote for candidates, with representatives getting more votes based on population size.

Gerrymandering

To control the state legislature to favor a specific party.

Multinational State

Country with different ethnicities.

Multi State Nation

An ethnic group that spans multiple states.

BiNational State

An ethnic group that is divided between two states.

Stateless Nation

An ethnic group with no state.

Irredentism

One territory tries to take over another believing the people are part of the same nation.

Balkanization

Break up of a big country into smaller and more hostile ones.

Ethnic Cleansing

The deliberate removal of an ethnic, religious, or cultural group from a territory.

Genocide

The intentional and systematic killing or destruction of an entire ethnic, religious, national, or cultural group.

Micro State

Extremely small sovereign countries having limited population and size.

Exclave

A piece of land unconnected by the larger state, but still part of the larger state.

Enclave

A country completely inside and encased by another country.