5d: Ideal gas molecules

kinetic theory - gas

molecules constantly move in random motion at high speeds

random motion

molecules travel in no specific path and undergo sudden changes if they collide

brownian motion

random motion of tiny particles

pressure in gases

as they move randomly they collide with the walls of the container they occupy and produce a net force

gas at high pressure

more frequent collisions and a greater force

what does the amount of pressure that a gas exerts on its container depend on

temperature of gas

increased temperature

particles move with more energy

decreased temperature of gas

pressure of container decreases

absolute zero

the temperature at which the molecules in a substance have zero kinetic energy

absolute zero to C

-273

is it possible to have a temperature lower than 0 K

no

can kelvin be a negative value

no

division between kelvin and celsius scale

change in a temperature of 1 K = change in temperature of 1 C

0 C to K

237 K

hotter gas

faster movement of molecules and more collisions

increase in kinetic energy

- increased temperature of system
- change of state

internal energy of gas

sum of kinetic energy of all molecules

is temperature (kelvin) directly proportional to kinetic energy

yes

gas laws - pressure and volume

in constant gas temperature, the pressure changes when it's compressed and expanded

gas laws - pressure and volume (compressed)

- decrease in volume
- increase in pressure

gas laws - pressure and volume (expanded)

- increase in volume
- decrease in pressure

what does a vacuum pump do

remove air from a sealed container

can change in pressure cause a change in volume

yes

gas laws - pressure and volume (compressing gas)

increase in pressure gas particles collide more frequently

gas laws - pressure and temperature (increase in temperature)

increase in speed of molecules

gas laws - pressure and volume (hotter gas)

higher kinetic energy

gas laws - pressure and volume (cooler gas)

lower kinetic energy

what should be constant for pressure and volume

temperature

what should be constant for pressure and temperature

volume

pressure law

pressure is directly proportional to temperature

relationship between the pressure and (Kelvin) temperature for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

boyle's law

for a fixed mass of a gas held at a constant temperature:
pV = constant

pressure and volume - directly or inversely proportional

inversely proportional

relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature

P1V1 = P2V2