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5d: Ideal gas molecules
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Physics
Physics - CIE
11th
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34 Terms
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1
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kinetic theory - gas
molecules constantly move in random motion at high speeds
2
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random motion
molecules travel in no specific path and undergo sudden changes if they collide
3
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brownian motion
random motion of tiny particles
4
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pressure in gases
as they move randomly they collide with the walls of the container they occupy and produce a net force
5
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gas at high pressure
more frequent collisions and a greater force
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what does the amount of pressure that a gas exerts on its container depend on
temperature of gas
7
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increased temperature
particles move with more energy
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decreased temperature of gas
pressure of container decreases
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absolute zero
the temperature at which the molecules in a substance have zero kinetic energy
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absolute zero to C
-273
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is it possible to have a temperature lower than 0 K
no
12
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can kelvin be a negative value
no
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division between kelvin and celsius scale
change in a temperature of 1 K = change in temperature of 1 C
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0 C to K
237 K
15
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hotter gas
faster movement of molecules and more collisions
16
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increase in kinetic energy
- increased temperature of system
- change of state
17
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internal energy of gas
sum of kinetic energy of all molecules
18
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is temperature (kelvin) directly proportional to kinetic energy
yes
19
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gas laws - pressure and volume
in constant gas temperature, the pressure changes when it's compressed and expanded
20
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gas laws - pressure and volume (compressed)
- decrease in volume
- increase in pressure
21
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gas laws - pressure and volume (expanded)
- increase in volume
- decrease in pressure
22
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what does a vacuum pump do
remove air from a sealed container
23
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can change in pressure cause a change in volume
yes
24
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gas laws - pressure and volume (compressing gas)
increase in pressure gas particles collide more frequently
25
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gas laws - pressure and temperature (increase in temperature)
increase in speed of molecules
26
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gas laws - pressure and volume (hotter gas)
higher kinetic energy
27
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gas laws - pressure and volume (cooler gas)
lower kinetic energy
28
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what should be constant for pressure and volume
temperature
29
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what should be constant for pressure and temperature
volume
30
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pressure law
pressure is directly proportional to temperature
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relationship between the pressure and (Kelvin) temperature for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
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boyle's law
for a fixed mass of a gas held at a constant temperature:
pV = constant
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pressure and volume - directly or inversely proportional
inversely proportional
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relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature
P1V1 = P2V2
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