module 3 cells and tissues Study guide

Fibrosis

________- tissue is replaced by scar tissue; occurs with cuts and burns.

Differentiation

________: process by which a less specialized cell develops or mature to become more distinct in form and function.

Microvilli

________: Folds of the cell membrane that greatly increases the surface area of a cell to facilitate absorption.

Hypertonic

________: solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid with in the cell.

Semi permeable

________: layer that only certain molecules can pass through by diffusion, rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temp of the molecules or solutes on either side.

Bone

________: gives support and strength; stores calcium; located in the skeleton.

Hypotonic

________: solution that lowers concentration of solutes compared to the fluid with in the cell.

Centrioles

________: found in pairs just outside the nucleus, active during cell division.

Mesoderm

________: gives rise to connective & muscle tissue- cardiac, skeletal, bone, blood, smooth muscle (gut)

scaly flat plate

Epithelial: squamous: ________ like; cuboidal: cube- shaped; columnar: tall & cylindrical; also classified by cell layers- simple: every cell touches the basement membrane like tile to grout; stratified- cells stacked like Legos (only bottom touch the bottom membrane) functions: protection, absorption, filtration, secretion.

Tonicity

________: ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in the cell through osmosis.

Lysosomes

________: pinched off pieces of golgi; Cellular garbage disposal.

Epi

________= on or upon Pericardium= heart pleura= lungs.

Flagella

________: hair like projections that move, longer thicker than cilia, whip like motion, SPERM.

Solvent

________: substance in which substance are dissolved or mixed Koolaid & sugar= solutes.

Areolar

________: loose fibrous connective tissue; acts like glue; location: beneath the epithelia, between muscles, surrounding vessels and nerves.

DNA

________: sequence of the bases that determines genetic code of the ________, to large to leave the nucleus; contains thymine; building blocks= nucleotides; twisted ladder structure;

Phagocytosis

________: large particle are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell; eating cell.

abdominal cavity

Peritoneum= ________ cells= simplest unit of living matter.

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

________: transporter; contains ribosomes; also smooth in some places.

Mitosis

________: type of cell division in which he "mother "cell splits into 2 daughter cells.

Golgi Apparatus

________: receives protein from ER and package them for export to other parts of the body.

Plasma Membrane

________: boundary of the cell; consist of phospholipids, cholesterol, & protein.

Cytoskeleton

________: supporting framework; allows movement of cell, contain microvilli, cilia, flagella.

Cytoplasm

________: gel like substance fills the cell, ‘ living matter.

Cartilage

________: firm, flexible support; eases joint movement, prevents friction, absorbs shock; location: nose ear, trachea, connects ribs & sternum.

Concentration

________: amount of dissolved or solute in the solvent inside= intracellular.

Ribosomes

________: thousands of granules of protein & RNA; synthesis (makes) protein.

Matrix

________: inorganic; connective tissue; embedded in varying kinds & amounts of fluid /protein fibers.

Adipose

________: loose connective, composed of lipids (fats), provides cushion, insulation, stores energy; Located: under skin, surrounds some body organs.

Active Transport

________: solutes move from a greater concentration to a lower concentration, requires a lot of energy, ATP, pumps.

Ectoderm

________: gives rise to epidermis and nervous system- epidermis & nervous tissue.

Endoderm

________: Produces mucous membrane of respiratory tract, thyroid gland, secretory parts of pancreas- lung tissue pancreatic tissue.

Cardiac

________: striated involuntary; HEART; short cells jointed together by intercalated cells (allow electrical impulses to spread rapidly from cell to cell)

Reticular

________: loose connective; supports framework; located in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow.

Mitochondria

________: powerhouse; energy production; uses oxygen & glucose to for ATP for energy production.

Osmolarity

________: measure of solute concentration per unit volume of solvent.

Cilia

________: hair like process on the surface of the cell that propel materials across a surface; primarily in the respiratory tract where they move mucous out of the lungs; & fallopian tubes where they move the egg toward the uterus: moves one way- out.

flexible connects

Fibrous: strong & ________ & holds structures together; Tendon (bone to muscle), ligaments (bone to bone), fascia (muscle to organs), dermis (thick living tissue makes true skin)

Isotonic

________: same solution concentration outside as inside the cell.

Solute

________: substance, stuff that is dissolved in another substance water is the solvent.

Nervous tissue

________: found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves; high degree of excitability & conductivity allowing communication to other parts by impulses or messages from brain to body; 2 types neurons & neuroglia- support cells.

Passive Transport

________- diffusion (higher to lower concentration), filtration (water & particles are forced across a membrane from higher to lower concentration), osmosis (diffusion of greater concentration to a lower one) facilitated diffusion (diffusion of a substance through a channel protein; need help); dont requires cells to expend energy; The fart factor; EX: water & air.

RBS & WBC

Blood: transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste from one place to another; ________, & platelets; located in the blood vessels.

Nucleus

________: center of the cell; control center; contains ________, nuclear pores, and nuclear envelope.

involuntary long

Smooth: ________ spindle cells, visceral, stimulated by auto nervous system, digestive, respiratory, urinary, blood vessels.

Neurons

________: large body cell called a soma (contains nucleus and organelles) arms called dendrites (receive impulses) axon (transmits signals from body to other cells)

voluntary consists of

Skeletal: striated /________ long thin muscle fibers, attached to bones, breathing, speech, control of urination, facial expression.

Tissues

________: groups of similar cells that perform a common function.

RNA

________ is a single strand, nucleic acid; contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, contains uracil instead of thymine; crucial to protein synthesis by carrying the info to the cytoplasm; made of ribose Has 3 forms: messenger ________, transfer ________, ribosomal RNA.

Tonicity

ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in the cell through osmosis

Osmolarity

measure of solute concentration per unit volume of solvent

Hypertonic

solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid with in the cell

Hypotonic

solution that lowers concentration of solutes compared to the fluid with in the cell

Isotonic

same solution concentration outside as inside the cell

Osmotic pressure

water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis; higher solute higher pressure

Differentiation

process by which a less specialized cell develops or mature to become more distinct in form and function

Matrix

inorganic; connective tissue; embedded in varying kinds & amounts of fluid/ protein fibers

Tissues

groups of similar cells that perform a common function

Phagocytosis

large particle are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell; eating cell

Facilitated diffusion

molecules need other molecules help to move across a membrane

Semi-permeable

layer that only certain molecules can pass through by diffusion, rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temp of the molecules or solutes on either side

Mitosis

type of cell division in which he "mother" cell splits into 2 daughter cells

Stem cells

undifferentiated cells; clean baby cells; no specific function

Flagella

hair like projections that move, longer thicker than cilia, whip like motion, SPERM

Microvilli

Folds of the cell membrane that greatly increases the surface area of a cell to facilitate absorption

Active Transport

solutes move from a greater concentration to a lower concentration, requires a lot of energy, ATP, pumps

plasma membrane

consist of phospholipids (form a double layer to keep cells stuff inside), cholesterol (scattered with in, help strengthen plasma membrane), and proteins(act as a channel to allow certain molecules in and out the cell-gate keeper; acts a receptor for specific hormones, which gives info to the cell and tells it what to do)

DNA

sequence of the bases that determines genetic code of the DNA, to large to leave the nucleus; contains thymine; building blocks = nucleotides; twisted ladder structure;

RNA is a single strand, nucleic acid; contains sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, contains uracil instead of thymine; crucial to protein synthesis by carrying the info to the cytoplasm; made of ribose Has 3 forms

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA

Be able to identify the 4 categories of tissue

Epithelial, Nervous, Connective & Muscular

Fibrous

strong & flexible; connects & holds structures together; Tendon(bone to muscle), ligaments(bone to bone), fascia(muscle to organs), dermis(thick living tissue makes true skin)

Bone

gives support and strength; stores calcium; located in the skeleton

Blood

transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste from one place to another; RBS & WBC, &platelets; located in the blood vessels

Reticular

loose connective; supports framework; located in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Neurons

large body cell called a soma (contains nucleus and organelles) arms called dendrites (receive impulses) axon (transmits signals from body to other cells)

Endocrine glands

glands that make your hormones; hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes,

Exocrine glands

glandes produce & secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct; sweat glands, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous

Smooth

involuntary; long spindle cells, visceral, stimulated by auto nervous system, digestive, respiratory, urinary, blood vessels

Skeletal

striated /voluntary; consists of long thin muscle fibers, attached to bones, breathing, speech, control of urination, facial expression

Cardiac

striated involuntary; HEART; short cells jointed together by intercalated cells (allow electrical impulses to spread rapidly from cell to cell)

Understand the role of granular tissue (connective tissue) in wound healing

granulation tissue is the new tissue that gets the nutrients proteins from surrounding healthy tissue

Fibrosis

tissue is replaced by scar tissue; occurs with cuts and burns

Epithelial membranes

mucous membranes, cutaneous, & serous; lines organs that surface to outside the body like digestive tract, respiratory, urinary and reproductive; protects from drying out; traps dust; lubricates; serious fluid provides lubrication for all organs lungs, heart

Connective membranes

Synovial membrane; connective joints; prevent friction;

Solvent

substance in which substance are dissolved or mixed               Koolaid & sugar = solutes

Solute

substance, stuff that is dissolved in another substance                     water is the solvent

Concentration

amount of dissolved or solute in the solvent              inside=intracellular

Plasma Membrane

boundary of the cell; consist of phospholipids, cholesterol, & protein

Nucleus

center of the cell; control center; contains nucleus, nuclear pores, and nuclear envelope

Cytoplasm

gel like substance fills the cell, ‘living matter

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

transporter; contains ribosomes; also smooth in some places

Ribosomes

thousands of granules of protein & RNA; synthesis (makes) protein

Golgi Apparatus

receives protein from ER and package them for export to other parts of the body

Centrioles

found in pairs just outside the nucleus, active during cell division

Lysosomes

pinched off pieces of golgi; Cellular garbage disposal

Mitochondria

powerhouse; energy production; uses oxygen & glucose to for ATP for energy production

Cytoskeleton

supporting framework; allows movement of cell, contain microvilli, cilia, flagella