Vocab 3 AICE Euro

Agreement (Humiliation) of Olmutz

An agreement where Austria forced Prussia to dismantle the Erfurt Union; it demonstrated Austria's dominance over Prussia.

Austro-Prussian War 1866

A conflict where Austria waged war against Prussia, important for unifying Germany and enhancing Prussia's power.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, significant as they were the nationalist and liberal forces in Germany.

Burschenschaften

A student organization that was a center for liberal ideas in schools and colleges.

Carlsbad Decrees

Laws that suppressed liberalism and nationalism, highlighting the power of conservative authorities.

Conservatism

The belief that government exists to serve the state rather than the people, contrasting with the views of the working and middle class.

Congress of Vienna

A congress involving all European kings and leaders that reinstated conservative beliefs after the Napoleonic Wars.

Danish-Prussian War, 1864

A war over Schleswig and Holstein that helped Bismarck project Prussia's strength compared to Austria.

Ems Dispatch

An electric telegraph that gave Prussia an advantage in the conflict against Austria.

Erfurt Union

A plan for a centralized Prussian-dominated government that ultimately failed.

Franco-Prussian War, 1870

The war between Prussia and France that completed German unification and established Prussian power.

Frankfurt Assembly

A parliament created by liberals aiming to establish a liberal government in Prussia after the revolutions of 1848.

Gastein Convention

An agreement following the Danish-German war that satisfied both Austria and Prussia with control over different duchies.

June Days

A second French revolution against Louis Napoleon III, serving as a catalyst for revolutions across Europe.

Konniggratz

The decisive final battle of the Austro-Prussian War, leading to Prussian victory.

Kliendeutschland/Grossdeutschland

Two differing solutions for German unification, representing the interests of Prussia and Austria.

Kulturkampf

A conflict between the Catholic Church and German states, contributing to the formation of the Second Reich.

Liberalism

The idea that government is dependent on the people, a key principle during the revolutions.

Nationalism

The belief that ethnic groups deserve their own nations, a driving ideal of the revolutions.

Needle Gun

A type of firearm used in the Austro-Prussian War, demonstrating Prussia's technological advancements.

North German Confederation

A political body in northern Germany that established Prussian authority in the region.

Proletariat

The working class that sought radical change but struggled to achieve it during this period.

Republic

A government determined by the people, representing a widespread desire among Germans during this era.

Revolutions of 1848

A wave of liberal revolutions that prompted temporary governmental compliance with liberal ideals.

Romanticism

An artistic movement that emerged during the revolution, allowing for personal expression.

Schleswig-Holstein

Two duchies with a German-speaking population that sparked conflict between Denmark and Prussia.

Six Acts

Legislation that restricted public meetings of Liberals, effectively curtailing the spread of liberal ideas.

Socialism

An economic philosophy advocating for public ownership, resonating with some factions in Germany.

Suffrage (or Franchise)

Voting rights that many liberals and radicals sought during the revolutionary period.

Treaty of Prague, 1867

A treaty that established Prussian superiority over Austria following the Austro-Prussian War.

Treaty of Versailles, 1871

A treaty imposed on France by Prussia post-war, solidifying Prussian dominance over France.

Zionism

A movement advocating for a Jewish nation-state, one of the earliest expressions of nationalism.

Zollverein

A customs union that removed tariffs, boosting trade in Prussia and providing an economic edge.

Otto von Bismarck

The minister-president of Prussia who played a critical role in the unification of Germany.

Charles Fourier

A French philosopher whose liberal thoughts influenced the revolutions of 1848.

Friedrich Wilhelm IV

The King of Prussia who supported the liberal movements during the revolutions.

Karl Marx

A German philosopher known for his socialist ideas that influenced various revolutionary movements.

Klemens von Metternich

The leader of the Congress of Vienna, associated with the conservative repression of liberalism.

Louis Blanc

A French socialist whose ideas inspired collaboration among the working and middle classes during revolts.

Louis Napoleon/Napoleon III

The French monarch whose reign was contested in the 1848 revolution, also aided Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War.

Louis Philippe

The King of France whose overthrow catalyzed the revolutions in 1848.

Wilhelm I

The King of Prussia who collaborated with Bismarck in unifying Germany and reforming the military.

Louis XVIII

The first king of France following the Napoleonic Wars, marking the restoration of the monarchy.

Charles X

A French king whose conservative reign conflicted with emerging liberal ideals.

Georges Haussmann

A French urban planner whose projects spent substantial resources on the modernization of Paris.

Adam Smith

A foundational economist known for his ideas on capitalism, influencing economic thought at the time.

Helmuth von Moltke

A Prussian military leader known for his role in the successful campaigns during the wars of German unification.