DAT Biology Review Flashcards

These flashcards are designed to help students revise key concepts and terms related to DAT Biology, reinforcing important information for exam preparation.

What are the two primary types of fat in biological membranes?

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

What process do proteins undergo to produce ATP in cells?

Cellular respiration.

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

What molecule acts as the primary energy currency in the cell?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What are the two types of reproduction in plants?

Asexual and sexual reproduction.

What is the difference between the primary and secondary structure of proteins?

The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, while the secondary structure includes local folding into helices or sheets.

What two main types of cells are found in the immune system?

B cells and T cells.

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus regulates hormone release from the pituitary gland.

Which organelles are known as the powerhouses of the cell?

Mitochondria.

How does the structure of DNA contribute to its stability?

DNA's double helix structure and the hydrogen bonding between complementary bases provide stability.

What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath insulates axons and speeds up nerve impulse transmission.

Define osmosis.

Osmosis is the passive movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

What are considered the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids.

What is the main function of enzymes?

To catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Name the cellular structures involved in photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts.

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.

What are monocots and dicots?

Monocots have one cotyledon and parallel leaf veins; dicots have two cotyledons and a network of leaf veins.

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Explain the process of natural selection.

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.