Untitled Flashcards Set

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma in a flower.

Fertilization

The process when sperm from pollen joins with egg in the ovary.

Petal

The part of a flower that attracts pollinators.

Sepal

The part of a flower that protects the bud.

Stamen

The male part of a flower, including the anther and filament.

Carpel/Pistil

The female part of a flower, including stigma, style, and ovary.

Annual plant

A plant that lives for one year.

Biennial plant

A plant that lives for two years.

Perennial plant

A plant that lives for many years.

Porifera

The phylum that includes sponges.

Cnidaria

The phylum that includes jellyfish and coral.

Platyhelminthes

The phylum that includes flatworms.

Nematoda

The phylum that includes roundworms.

Annelida

The phylum that includes earthworms.

Mollusca

The phylum that includes snails and clams.

Arthropoda

The phylum that includes insects, spiders, and crabs.

Echinodermata

The phylum that includes starfish.

Chordata

The phylum that includes vertebrates.

Producers

Organisms that make energy via photosynthesis.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in an area, measured by the number of species.

Population

A group of the same species in one place.

Ecosystem

All living and nonliving things in an area.

Density

The number of individuals per area.

Dispersion

The way individuals are spaced out in a population.

Generalist

An organism that eats many different things.

Specialist

An organism that eats only specific things.

Biotic

The living parts of an ecosystem.

Abiotic

The non-living parts of an ecosystem.

Mutualism

A type of symbiotic interaction where both species benefit.

Commensalism

A type of symbiotic interaction where one species benefits and the other is not affected.

Predation

An interaction where one organism eats another organism.

Competition

An interaction where two species are harmed by fighting for resources.

Ecological Succession

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

Climax Community

The final, stable community in ecological succession.

Invasive Species

Non-native species that spread quickly and harm the environment.

Biogeochemical Cycles

The movement of elements through living and nonliving parts of the Earth.

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Carbon Cycle

The process of carbon moving through photosynthesis and respiration.

Nitrogen Cycle

The process where bacteria turn nitrogen gas into usable forms for plants.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Energy Pyramid

A graphical representation of energy flow in an ecosystem, with producers at the base.

Food Chain

A linear sequence of energy flow in an ecosystem.

Food Web

A complicated network of interconnected food chains.

Primary Consumers

Herbivores that eat producers.

Secondary Consumers

Organisms that eat primary consumers.

Tertiary Consumers

Top predators in an ecosystem.

Gametophyte

The haploid stage of the plant life cycle that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid stage of the plant life cycle that produces spores.

Plant Adaptation

Features that enable plants to survive in their environments.

Stomata

Openings in leaves for gas exchange.

Cuticle

A waxy coating on plant leaves that prevents water loss.

Vascular Tissue

Tissue in plants that aids in the transport of water and nutrients.

Dominant Generation in Bryophytes

Gametophyte.

Dominant Generation in Angiosperms

Sporophyte.

Predation Adaptations

Characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to hunt prey.

Prey Adaptations

Characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to escape predators.