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Everything you need to know about the Bureaucracy (according to Kwood AP GOV)
Executive Agency
Organizations smaller than executive departments that are apart of the executive branch of the United States Government and may or may not be a part of an executive department
Independent Executive Agencies
Acts just like a government department, but reports directly to the president because of its independency
Independent Regulatory Commission
Goal is to pass regulations and rules you have to follow (Reports Directly to Congress and operate independently from the Exec. Branch)
Federal Bureaucrats
(Does not report to the president) Only serves in one agency during their careers and stay with the government their whole lives
Pendleton Act of 1883
Changed the hiring process from patronage to a merit-based appointment system
Fiscal Policy
Managing the economy through the power over taxing and spending policy
Keynisan/Supply-Side Economics
Government controlled economics/Private Businesses control their finances
Monetary Policy
The process by which the central bank manages the money supply and interest rates to influence economic activity.
Federal Bonds
Loans to the federal government, after some years you can cash in your bond for the principal amount plus interest (SLOWS DOWN INFLATION)
Delegation of Authority
The process in which Congress gives a specific department/agency the power enforce their law or carry out the program’s intent with rules (Congress providing bureaucrats the laws they then interpret)
Discretionary Authority
The extent to which the bureaucracy can make policies and rules that aren’t specifically defined/limited by laws.
Rule-making Power
An agency’s ability to make rules that affect how programs operate, and to force states, corporations, and individuals to obey these rules as if they were laws
Legislative Intent
A check on the bureaucracy (from Congress) that requires all actions/rules made by agencies to fall within the intent of the law itself
Chevron Doctrine
If a law is unclear, the courts must immediately defer to federal courts
Congressional Oversight
Congress has the power to review the power of the executive branch to make sure they’re correctly implementing laws
Iron Triangle
A three sided, mutual relationship where all three benefit, between Members of Congress, Bureaucrats, and Interest Groups
Issue Network
A different group of “actors”/alliance among loosely connected participants that come together to promote a common cause and change legislation
Government by Proxy
Where the government reaches out to third-party groups (the bureaucracy) to create rules and interpretations, naming this 3rd party as an extension of itself
Competitive Service
The process in which federal officials are only appointed after they pass a written exam from the OPM/meet a specific training criteria
Expected Service
Employees hired outside of competitive service
Legislative Veto
A procedure that allows Congress to nullify an executive action or by a simple majority vote
Congressional Investigations
Where Congress investigates the interpretation of their law through an agency/bureau
The Subpoena Power
The authority given to Congress to compel the testimony of witnesses and the production of investigation documents
