Social Inequality test 2

Absolute Mobility

Where people in current generation are doing better than their parent’s generation (respect to income, decreasing)

Relative Mobility

How one’s position compares to their parent’s position in social structure

Social Reproduction Theory

Why there is a tendency for people to end up in similar economic positions as their parents

Cultural capital

General background, knowledge, and skills that passed from one generation to the next

Social Capital

The resources we can access and mobilize through our social networks

Habitus

Attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of those inhabiting one’s social world (sense of whats comfortable/natural)

Concerted Cultivation: Upper middle class, daliy life organized, encouraged to ask questions; sense of entitlement

Natural growth parenting styles: ALlows lots of free time to structure on their own, not as much communication, deference to authority and other adults

Social class patterns in help-seeking behavior

Higher class seek more help than middle/lower class

Hidden curriculum

Unwritten rules and expectations that are conveyed in schools; what else do students learn

Correspondence principle

Schools set up to reproduce class position by preparing kids for different kinds of jobs

Seasonal comparison research

SES testing gaps increase during summer and decrease during school year. Black-white testing gaps increase during school year and less during summer

No child left behind

A federal law enacted in 2001 aimed at improving educational outcomes for all students. Major impact on public education, mandating testing in most grades each year

Perry School Project

A study focusing on early childhood education for disadvantaged children, demonstrating long-term positive effects on academic and social outcomes compared to short term

Project STARR

Small class kids more likely to go to college, difference across teachers for earning and performance in college

School choice policies

Idea was to give families freedom to choose and increase competition while breaking up public school monopoly to better academic outcomes

Charter schools

Public schools run by developers, bypass control of school board, local education bureaucracies. Mixed results and increase in segregation

Vouchers

Tax Subsidy for private schools, mixed effects

Selection Bias

Kids selected into charter schools tend to be higher SES and test higher, resulting in better selection of data (which schools are better)

Fundamental causes of disease

SES and how people come to be exposed to risk factors, drive access to resources

Proximate causes of disease

factors that directly affect health outcomes, like stress

Issues of focusing on proximate causes

Doesn’t address root causes of health disparities

Weathering

Chronic exposure to social and economic disadvantages can lead to an accelerated health decline

Childbirth mortality and weathing

Mothers who dealt with disparities had more stressors which increased chances of childbirth mortality

Sex

The physical characteristics assigned to someone at birth

Gender

The identity and role someone connects to

Gender socialization

People are socialized into genders and gender behaviors, something that we do

Political sphere and gender inequality

Large underrepresentation of women in politics

Economic gender inequality

Large gap in pay between genders

Occupational sex segregation

Women’s jobs tend to be less lucrative due to devaluation of women’s work

Household division of labor

Positions men and women differently for work

Motherhood penalty

Mother’s less likely to get a job than women who don’t have kids despite similar experience

Discrimination

Legally prohibited discrimination exists when same employers pay women less for the same work

Social infrastructure

The physical places and organizations that shape the way people interact (Libraries, parks, schools)

Gender Gaps in Education

Decline in men going to college, women being incentivized to go to college

Red Shirt the Boys

the idea of holding boys back to allow them to mature and develop since they are slower at development than women