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What is the process of Jus Soil?
It grants full citizenship to anyone born on the land of a country.
What is the process of Jus Sanguinis?
It requires individuals to trace their ancestry to qualify for full citizenship.
What significant immigration trend occurred in France during the 1950s to 1970s?
Encouragement of immigration from French colonies in Africa and the Middle East.
What two cultures significantly faced over-policing and lack of citizenship in France?
African and Middle Eastern immigrants.
What was the main symbol of protests in France from the 1990s onward?
Burning cars.
What flag did Canada primarily use before adopting its own?
The British flag.
What group mainly fought over the Red Ensign flag during flag change debates?
Veterans of WWI and WWII.
Define Pluralism in the context of Canada.
A societal framework that celebrates multiculturalism and diverse identities.
What is the key characteristic of Canada's multicultural identity?
It is viewed as a source of pride.
What analogy describes Canada's multiculturalism?
Canada is like a Garden Salad, where distinct cultures coexist.
What sparked conflict within Canada regarding its First Nations people?
Contrasting treatment of immigrants versus First Nations, leading to policies of assimilation.
What was a notorious Canadian government policy towards First Nations people?
The policy of assimilation.
How did Baltej Singh Dhillon challenge RCMP uniform policies?
By seeking reasonable accommodation for his Sikh religious beliefs.
What did the RCMP alter in their policy due to Dhillon's case?
Allowed officers to keep beards and wear turbans.
What was the key outcome of the October Crisis in Canada?
The use of the War Measures Act, leading to civil rights suspensions.
Who was the Premier of Quebec aiming for independence during the 1995 referendum?
Jacques Parizeau.
What law did PM Jean Chretien pass after the 1995 Quebec Referendum?
The Clarity Act.
What notable transformation occurred during Jean Lesage's leadership in Quebec?
The revitalization of the French language and culture.
What significant event took place in Montreal 1967?
The World Fair, showcasing the centennial of Canada.
What did the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism aim to achieve?
To enhance the inclusion of French speakers in Canada.
What was Bill 101?
A law making French the only official language in Quebec.
What does the term "notwithstanding clause" refer to?
A provision allowing provinces to override certain Supreme Court decisions.
Which Prime Minister was involved in the patriation of the Canadian Constitution?
Pierre Trudeau.
What were the two key founding nations recognized in the Meech Lake Accord?
The French and the English.
What was one of the prominent issues raised by Elijah Harper regarding the Meech Lake Accord?
The lack of recognition for Indigenous peoples.
What did the Charlottetown Accord aim to address?
Correcting the mistakes of the Meech Lake Accord.
What political party in Quebec aimed for sovereignty led by René Lévesque?
Parti Quebecois (PQ).
Define Assimilation as it relates to Canada’s First Nations policy.
Forcing Indigenous peoples to adopt European cultural norms.
Name a significant backlash against Pierre Trudeau's White Paper on the Indian Act.
The Red Paper from First Nations peoples.
What sparked the Oka Crisis in 1990?
A dispute over land claimed by the Mohawk nation.
What contemporary movement arose from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings?
Idle No More.
What example illustrates regional loyalty in Canada?
Western Alienation.
What was the National Energy Program (NEP)?
A policy aiming to regulate oil prices across provinces.
Who was Michaëlle Jean?
A Canadian governor general with complex loyalties and a background as a refugee.
What historical laws exemplify racial discrimination in the US?
Jim Crow Laws.
What was the significance of the case Brown v. Board of Education?
It declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
What was the tragic outcome of the October Crisis?
The murder of politician Pierre Laporte.
What did the Indian Act signify for First Nations people in Canada?
A paternalistic and oppressive policy defining their rights.
Identify one outcome of the residential school system in Canada.
Suppression of Indigenous cultures and languages.
What does 'Kill the Indian, Save the Child' refer to?
A directive related to residential schools aimed at forced assimilation.
What crucial aspect did the Quebec Act of 1774 change about the British treatment of French Canadians?
It acknowledged and respected their language and religion.
Who was Louis Riel and why was he significant?
A Métis leader who fought for the rights of French-language speakers.
What was a major turning point for the Métis and French Canadians during the North-West Rebellion?
The Battle of Batoche.
What major legislative act did Canada pass in 1867?
British North America Act.
What became of the Red River Settlement as a result of government actions?
Creation of the province of Manitoba, recognizing Métis rights.
What major divide was highlighted within Canadian society during WWII?
Tensions between English and French Canadians.
Describe the sentiment that arose from the 1995 Quebec Referendum results.
A close call reflecting the strong desire for Quebec sovereignty.
What was the outcome of the 1987 Meech Lake Accord attempt?
It failed to pass due to widespread criticism.
What is a key component of Canada’s identity regarding First Nations and immigrants?
Biculturalism celebrates diverse cultures.
What controversial aspect was granted to Quebec in the 2006 Parliament declaration?
Recognition of Quebec as a nation within Canada.
How did Pierre Trudeau contribute to the Canadian political landscape?
By advocating for a strong Canadian identity and full constitutional autonomy.
What did the Truth and Reconciliation Commission primarily aim to achieve?
Address historical wrongs toward Indigenous populations in Canada.
Identify a cultural aspect that the Parti Quebecois aimed to promote with Bill 101.
The primacy of the French language in Quebec.
What was the dominant sentiment during the October Crisis regarding government measures?
Concerns of dictatorial power and civil rights violations.
What historical factor contributes to the Quebec sovereignty movement?
Continued advocacy for French language and cultural preservation.
What notable reaction followed the 2006 declaration recognizing Quebec as a nation?
Concerns raised about national unity and implications for separatism.
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