Tooth Identifications

Maxillary central incisor

• Cingulum offset distal

• Large crown M to D

• Conical root (tapers LINGUAL)

• More prominent features

Mandibular central incisor

• Most symmetrical

• MI & DI angles are 90 degrees

• Depression on root DISTAL

• Cingulum centered

Maxillary lateral incisor

• Cingulum centered

• MI edge sharp, DI edge very rounded

• Conical root (tapers DISTAL)

Mandibular lateral incisor

• Twisted on root

• Cingulum offset DISTAL

• Not symmetrical

Maxillary canine

• Depression between distal contact area & CEJ

• Sharp cusp tip

• Blunt root apex

• Attrition on lingual

Mandibular canine

• Mesial surface in line with/ root

• Blunt cusp tip

• Sharp root apex

• Attrition on labial

Maxillary 1st molar

• Trifurcated (1 palatal, MB & DB)

• 4 or 5 cusps

  • ML>MB>DB>DL> Cusp of Carabelli (off of ML)

• More divergent

• Buccal cusps SAME HEIGHT

• Oblique ridge

Mandibular 1st molar

• Bifurcated (mesial & distal)

• 5 cusps

  • MB>ML>DL>DB>D

• Lingual cusps higher

• Buccal cusps rounder

• Buccal cervical ridge

Maxillary 2nd molar

• Trifurcated (1 palatal, MB & DB)

• 3 or 4 cusps

• 3 cusps

  • L>MB>DB

  • Lingual cusp offset MESIAL

• 4 cusps

  • ML>MB>DB>DL

• Buccal cusps NOT same height

Mandibular 2nd molar

• Bifurcated (mesial & distal)

  • Mesial root longer

• 4 cusps

  • MB>ML>DB>DL

• Lingual cusp is higher & sharper

PRIMARY maxillary 1st molar

Does NOT resemble any tooth

• 3 or 4 cusps

• 3 cusp

  • Oblique ridge (ML-DL)

  • Buccal groove

• 4 cusp

  • 3 fossae

  • Buccal groove

  • DL groove

  • Oblique ridge

• Trifurcated

  • L>MB>DB

• Short root trunk

• Most divergent

PRIMARY mandibular 1st molar

Does NOT resemble any tooth

• Bifurcated

• Mesial outline FLAT

• Buccal outline CONVEX

• Prominent buccal cervical ridge

PRIMARY maxillary 2nd molar

Resembles perm. maxillary 1st molar

• 4 or 5 cusps

  • ML>MB>DB>DL> Cusp of Carabelli (off of ML)

  • 3 visible from lingual

• Trifurcated

  • 1L>2B

• Buccal cusps SAME HEIGHT

  • Buccal groove

PRIMARY mandibular 2nd molar

Resembles perm. mandibular 1st molar

• 5 cusps

  • MB>DB>D>ML>DL

• 3 buccal cusps nearly equal in size

• Oval occlusal shape

Maxillary 1st PM

• Bifurcated

• Larger buccal cusp

  • Mesial slope ridge is longer

• Mesial root concavity

• Mesial marginal groove

Mandibular 1st PM

• Single root

• Very small lingual cusp

• Mesiolingual groove

• 45 degrees from buccal to lingual cusp

• Buccal outline longer than lingual

Variations:

• Root fusion

• Trifurcation

Maxillary 2nd PM

• Single root

• Less angular & more rounded

• Buccal & lingual cusps SAME HEIGHT

• Lingual cusp slightly mesial

• Supplemental grooves

Variations:

• Bifurcation

Mandibular 2nd PM

• Single root

• Shorter & more rounded buccal cusp

• 2 or 3 cusp type

• 2 cusp (BICUSPIDATE)

  • 1 B cusp, 1 L cusp

  • Lingual cusp offset MESIAL

  • “U” & "H” groove patterns

• 3 cusp (TRICUSPIDATE)

  • 1 B cusp, 2 L cusps

  • “Y” shaped groove pattern

  • “V” shaped central groove

  • Deep central pit

transverse ridge =

lingual triangular ridge & buccal triangular ridge