Unit 2 - States of Consciousness

Activation-Synthesis Theory (Dreams)

Activation-Synthesis Theory (Dreams)

when REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our brain weaves into stories

Addiction

Agonisys

Alcohol

Antagonists

Caffeine

Cannabis/Marijuana

Circadian Rhythm (Sleep/Wake Cycle)

Circadian rhythm – the regular bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period; the biological clock

Cocaine

Consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment, mindful of internal state and world around

Consolidation Theory (Dreams)

Depressants

Hallucinogens

Heroin

Hypnogogic Sensations

imaginary images or sensations that seem real and occur as a person is falling asleep; occur in NREM 1

Hypnosis

Insomnia

inability to fall or stay asleep

Jet Lag

a condition that is characterized by various psychological and physiological effects; affects the circadian rhythm

Melatonin

a hormone that causes you to feel sleep; controlled by the pineal gland, which triggers the endocrine system to increase or decrease levels

Memory Consolidation

Narcolepsy

sudden onset of drowsiness and sleep

Nonconscious

NREM Stage 1

mixture of alpha and theta brain waves; this is when hypnic jerks occur

NREM Stage 2

theta brain waves and beginning of delta waves; when sleep spindles occur

NREM Stage 3

mixture of theta and delta brain waves; when sleep walking, night terrors, and tissue repair occur

Opioids

Paradoxical Sleep

AKA REM sleep; body is externally calm; but internal is aroused; when brain repair occurs

Psychoactive Drugs

REM Rebound

lengthening and increasing frequency of REM sleep, which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation

REM Sleep

when dreaming occurs; voluntary muscle activity is suppressed; when partial paralysis occurs; lengthens as sleep progresses

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

acting out dreams (such as talking or doing things that are from your dream); harmless

Restoration of Resources

Reuptake Inhibitors

Shift Work

when normal circadian rhythm is disrupted by working night-shifts; can lead to consequences for the worker’s physical and mental health

Sleep Apnea

the inability to get enough oxygen while sleeping

Somnambulism

AKA sleepwalking; occurs during NREM Stage 3

Stimulants

Synergistic Effects

Tolerance

Wish-Fulfillment Theory of Dreaming

occurs when unconscious desires are repressed by the ego and superego; according to Freud, stems from guilt and taboos imposed in society and when dreams are unconscious attempts to resolved a repressed conflict

Withdrawal