Topic 1 - Stoichiometric Relationships

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12 Terms

1
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List the characteristics of matter.
* Made up of particles: atoms, molecules, ions
* The particles are in constant motion
* Occupies volume in space
* Has a mass
2
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What is temperature? As temperature increases, so does what?
Temperature is the average kinetic energy and therefore the KE avg increases with temperature.
3
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Does temperature change when transitioning between states, e.g., melting, boiling, freezing, etc.?
No.
4
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Define a mixture. List two examples.
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances that retain their individual properties and are not chemically bonded together.

* Air (many gases)
* Seawater (salt and water)
5
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Define a pure susbstance. List two.
A definite and constant composition.

* Elements
* Compounds
6
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List the two types of mixtures and give define them.
* Homogenous: uniform composition and properties (e.g., saltwater, air) AKA solutions
* Heterogeneous: non-uniform composition and varying properties (e.g., sand, or oil and water) AKA suspensions
7
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Atom of different elements combine to form different compounds in … ?
* Fixed ratios, to give full outer shell of electrons
8
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How can we distinguish between homogenous and heterogenous mixtures?
Its possible to separate heterogenous mixtures, but not homogeneous.
9
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List a few separation techniques.
* Fractional distillation (use boiling points)
* Solition and filtration (use solubility)
* Paper chromatography (absorption)
* Magnet (magnetism)
10
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List two properties of ions.
* Completely dissociate in aqueous solution
* Ions have a positive or negative charge (more or less electrons from their parent atom)
* Called cations or anions
11
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What is an ionic equation?
An equation that only shows the ions or particles participating in the reaction, they do not include the spectator ions.
12
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What is relative atomic mass?
Weighted average of the isotopes of the atoms of an elemetn relative to carbon-12. OR, the mass of an atomic relative to C-12.