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43 Terms

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Nationalism
Loyalty to people who share common bonds or ancestry.
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Hapsburg
Ruling family of Austria.
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Francis Josef

Ruler of Austria from 1888 to 1916.
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Causes of Hapsburg Fall
Includes the 7 Weeks War, formation of Austria-Hungary, and World War 1.
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Nicholas II
Last Czar of Russia.
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Romanov Dynasty
Ruling family of Russia until its end due to World War 1 and the Russian Revolution.
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Turkey
Largest ethnic group that emerged after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire.
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Sardinia
State that led to the unification of Italy.
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Victor Emmanuel II
King of Sardinia.
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Cavour
Newly appointed prime minister of Italy.
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Redshirts
Garibaldi's private army.
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Four stages of Italian unification
1. Defeat Austria with French help 2. Acquire Venice from Prussia 3. Consolidate Southern Italy 4. Capture Rome and the Papal States.
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Prussia
State that led German unification.
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William I
King of Prussia who led unification.
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Bismarck
Appointed chancellor to unify Germany.
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Junkers
Land owning nobilities in Germany.
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Krunch
German word for King.
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Kaizer
German word for Emperor.
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Danish War
Conflict in 1864 as part of German unification.
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7 Weeks War
War with Austria after creating a border dispute.
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Franco-Prussian War
War with France during the unification of Germany.
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Generals Moltke and Roon
Two German generals who orchestrated victories in the wars.
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Triple Alliance
Alliance between Germany, Austria, and Italy.
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Triple Entente
Alliance between Russia, France, and Great Britain.
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Industrial Revolution
Period that greatly increased output of machines and goods, starting in England in the 1700s.
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Textiles
Industry that marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
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Cotton gin and Steam Engine
Key inventions that aided the Industrial Revolution.
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Laissez Faire
Economic policy of minimal government intervention in business.
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Urbanization
City building and movement of people to cities.
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Factory
Large buildings that house machines of the Industrial Revolution.
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Entrepreneur
Person who manages, organizes, and takes risks for a business.
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Positive effects of the Industrial Revolution
Includes education, jobs, hope, national wealth, technological progress, and improved standard of living.
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Stock
Rights of ownership in a company.
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Corporation
A business owned by stockholders.
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Proletariat
The workers or 'have nots' in society.
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Karl Marx
Founder of Communism.
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Communist Manifesto
A 23-page pamphlet written by Marx outlining the principles of communism.
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Communism
Complete form of socialism where means of production are owned by the people.
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Capitalism
Economic system characterized by privately owned for profit enterprises.
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Adam Smith
Considered the father of capitalism.
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Wealth of Nations
Book written by Adam Smith detailing economic principles.
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Natural laws of economics
1. Supply and demand 2. Self-interest 3. Competition.
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Thomas Malthus
Wrote an essay on the principle of population, proposing that population growth would outpace food supply.