Liberalism

Flashcards about Liberalism

Liberals believe that decisions should be based on __ and logic, rather than faith.

reason

__ is often seen as the 'father of liberalism'.

John Locke

Locke rejected medieval views on __ and religion as he wrote in the aftermath of the English Reformation and English Civil War.

Monarchy

__ developed the ideas of Locke to apply them to women as well as men.

Mary Wollstonecraft

__ believed in 'negative liberty' to allow students to empower themselves.

John Stuart Mill

__ put forward the ‘harm principle.

Mill

__ is seen as one of the fathers of modern liberalism.

Thomas Hill Green

__ Believed in ‘positive liberty’.

Green

__ is seen as the most important modern liberal thinker in the 20th century.

John Rawls

__ advocated for an enabling state which looked after the most unfortunate in society.

Rawls

__ argued that society had become chauvinistic, and this limited the ability of women to pursue their own interests.

Betty Friedan

Some liberal thinkers view humans as behaving in an __ way who are driven by self-interest as individuals.

egotistical

Locke described ‘natural rights’ as every individual has the right to: ‘__’

Self-Realisation

Locke described ‘natural rights’ as every individual has the right to: ‘__’

Self-Determination

Locke described ‘natural rights’ as every individual has the right to: ‘__’

Self-Fulfilment

__ believed that these natural rights applied to both men and women.

Wollstonecraft

__ believed that human nature has evolved in such a way that these natural rights have been denied to women.

Friedan

Both Locke and Mill believed that humans should be considerate of others and guided by __ and not emotion.

reason

Liberals also believe that human nature is __ and not set in stone.

progressive

All liberal thinkers have a naturally __ view on human nature.

optimistic

Locke argued that just as humans have natural rights, that __ itself is natural.

society

Mill argued that individuals should resist ‘__’ and ‘suffocating convention’.

dull conformity

An extreme view of an individualistic society is __ which claims society does not exist and is a collection of self-interested individuals.

atomism

All liberals believe that society should be __ of all people and their views.

tolerant

Rawls argued that rational individuals would choose a society where the __ individuals fared significantly better.

poorest

All liberal thinkers view the ownership of __ as essential, this is the core foundation of economic liberalism which fully supports the capitalist system.

private property

Smith argued for limited government interference in the economy which is known as ‘__’

laissez-faire

Liberals also reject __ particularly the idea of the Divine Right of Kings.

monarchy

Locke described the relationship between the state and the people as a __.

government by consent

Liberal thinkers see the main objective of the state is to improve the __ of individuals.

natural rights

Rawls called this ‘__’ with the state allowing individuals to enjoy their natural rights easier.

state sponsored individualism

Liberal thinkers support the idea of the state being __ and fragmented.

limited

As part of the idea of ‘government by consent’, liberal thinkers support the idea of individuals electing __ to advocate for their rights on their behalf.

representatives

Early Liberal thinkers such as Locke and Wollstonecraft were considered __ for their rejecting of monarchy.

revolutionary

By focusing on the individual and removing barriers to ‘self- determination’, classic liberal believe in a concept known as ‘__’.

negative liberty

__ came up with negative liberty which means giving individuals freedom to determine their own destiny.

Mill

Classic liberals believe that there should be limits to the governments __.

power

__ argued that individuals often need to be helped in the pursuit of their own self-fulfillment known as positive liberty or positive freedom.

Green

Modern liberal thinkers believe that only more __ will allow individuals to empower themselves.

government

Modern liberals reject the traditional view of a ‘__’ economy.

laissez-faire

Modern liberals support the idea of __ suffrage.

universal

Modern liberal thinkers stress the importance of promoting __ in society, this approach has become known as social liberalism.

tolerance