Chapter Two - New Empires in the Americas

Caravels

________: were ships made by the Portuguese which used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

________ led a expedition to find another ocean father west.

Columbus

________ asked King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for his expedition across the Atlantic.

Vikings

________ raided many countries in Europe but also developed large trading networks.

Middle Passage

________: was the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure.

Priests

________: started missions where they converted local Native Americans to Catholicism.

Vasco da Gama

________: left Lisbon, Portugal and arrived in southwester India.

Prince Henry the Navigator

________ was responsible for advances that would make exploration more successful.

Circumnavigate

________: to travel or go all the way around the globe.

Peninsulares

________: settlers who came from Spain; usually held the highest government position.

Henry VIII

In 1534, King ________ founded the Church of England and became the head of the church.

Peter Minuit

________ bought Manhattan Island for $ 24.

Hernan Cortes

________ led the charge against the Aztecs.

Protestants

________: reformers who pretested some of the Catholic Churchs practices.

Ferdinand Megella

________ was a Portuguese navigator who set out to sail down the east coast of South America.

Presidios

________: military bases build by the Spanish to protect towns and missions.

Amerigo Vespucci

________ led a Spanish fleet to the coast of present day South America.

Astrolabe

________: a device that enabled navigators to learn their ships location by charting the position of stars.

Jacques Carter

________ was a French sailor who led Frances next major exploration of North America.

Alvar Nunex Cabeza de Vaca

________ was a Spanish explorer who ship wrecked on what is now Galveston Island in Texas.

Scandinavia

________: a peninsula that includes the present day countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Native Americans

________ made up 80 % of the population.

Pueblos

________: served as trading posts and sometimes as centers of government.

Bartolomeu Dias

________: led an expedition from Portugal southward along the African Coast.

Fransico Pizzaro

________, another conquistador, conquered the Inca Empire.

Leif Erickson

________ was the son of Erik the Red was sailing from west Norway to Greenland, but due to strong winds, his ship arrived on the North American coast.

Slaves

________ were given few rights in the colonies and received harsh punishments for minor crimes.

Immune

________: natural resistance to a disease.

Santa Maria

On August 3, 1492, Columbus sails on his three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the ________.

Encomienda System

________: it gave the settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work.

John White

________ helped resettle the colonists at Roanoke.

North America

The Vikings were the first Europeans to make contact with ________.

Conquistador Hernan Cortes

________ left Cuba to sail to present- day Mexico in 1519.

Italian sailor John Cabot

________ made voyages to North America for England.

Juan Ponce de Leon

________: discovered the coast of present- day Florida in 1512.

Martin Luther

________, a German priest, criticized the Roman Catholic Church for their abuse of power and wealth.

Hernando de Soto

________: discovered the Mississippi River in 1541.

Spanish Armanda

________: a huge fleet of warships meant to end the English plans.

Line of Demarcation

Treaty of Tordesillas: moved the ________ 800 miles further west.

Columbian Exchange

________: the transfer of goods from the Americas and Europe; the transfer started with Columbus explorations.

African Diaspora

________: the scattering of African slaves around the world.

Sea Dogs

________: the name given to English sailors who raided Spanish treasure ships.

Raleigh

________ led an expedition and landed in present- day Virginia and North Carolina.

Conquistadors

________: soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas.

Luther

________ began the Protestant Reformation.

Hudson Bay

He (Henry Hudson) founded the ________.

Rene Robert de La Salle

________ followed the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico He claimed the Mississippi Valley for the King of France.

Spain

________ ruled its large American empire through a system of royal officials.

French explorer Samuel de Champlain

________ founded a small colony on the St. Lawrence River.

French Huguenots

________ started a few colonies in Florida in 1564.