APUSH Unit 2

Lord Baltimore / Cecil Calvert

founder of maryland, created a safe place for catholics, promoted religious tolerance in the colonies.

act of religious toleration 1649

law in maryland, protected christians from being persecuted, early step toward religous freedom

roger wiliiams

religious leader kicked out of massachusetts, founded rhode island, believed in religious freedom and seperation of church and government

providence

town founded by roger williams, safe place for people of all religions

anne hutchinson

puritan woman who questioned church leaders, challenged authority

antinomianism

belief that faith alone saves you, not good deeds

rhode island

colony founded by roger williams, allowed religious freedom, separation of church and state

halfway covenant

allowed children of church members to join church even if not fully committed, kept puritan churches strong as membership dropped

quakers

religious group that believed in peace and equality, promoted religious tolerance and fair treatment of native americans

william penn

quaker leader and founder of pennsylvania, created a colony based on peace, fairness, and religious freedom

holy experiment

william penn’s plan for pennsylvania, tried to show people of different religions could live together peacefully

charter of liberties 1701

law in pennsylvania, gave colonists self government and protected their rights

rice plantations

large farms in south carolina growing, needed slavery, made south wealthy

tobacco farms

farms in virginia/maryland growing tobacco, made money for colonies, increased labor needs

john cabot

explorer for england, claimed north american land for england, early english presence

jamestown

first permanent english colony 1607, start of english america

captain john smith

leader of jamestown, work or starve

john rolfe

jamestown settler, made tobacco profitable, married pocahontas

pocahontas

native american woman, helped jamestown settlers survive

puritans

english religous group wanted to purify the church of england, founded massachusetts bay colony

separatists

puritans who wanted to leave the church of england completely, became pilgrims, started plymouth colony

pilgrims

separatists who sailed to america, started plymouth colony

mayflower

ship that carried pilgrims to america 1620, led to plymouth colony, mayflower compact

plymouth colony

colony founded by pilgrims, self government

massachusetts bay colony

colony founded by puritans, became major new england colony, puritan values shaped society

john winthrop

governor of massachusetts bay, city upon jill

great puritan migration

movement of puritans to new england 1630s, built strong puritan communities in massachusetts

virginia

chesapeake colony, tobacco farming + labor system, english settlement starts here

thomas hooker

founder of connecticut, promoted voting rights, created more democratic colony

john davenport

founder of new haven (connecticut), helped establish another new england colony

connecticut

colony founded by hooker, first written constitution, fundamental orders

new hampshire

northern new england colony, farming, fishing, and trade economy

the carolinas

southern colonies, plantation farming, slavery, rice and indigo

new york

former dutch colony, major trade center in the middle colonies

new jersey

middle colony, farming, diverse settlers

pennsylvania

colony founded by william penn, religious tolerance, quaker haven, holy experiment

delaware

colony near pennsylvania, shared government with PA first

georgia

southern colony, buffer between english colonies and spanish florida, also a place for debtors

wampanoags

native tribe in new england, helped pilgrims survive, fought settlers in king philips war

chief metacom

wampanoag leader (king philip), led king philips war

king philips war

war between new england settlers and native americans, destroyed native power in new england, english expanded land

bacons rebellion

virginia settlers rebelled against governor berkley, showed tension between rich and poor, led to more slavery

mayflower compact

agreement for self government, early example of democracy in colonies

virginia house of burgesses

first elected legislature in colonies, gave colonists a voice in government

sir william berkley

governor of virginia, opposed bacons rebellion, symbol of colonial elite control

fundamental orders of connecticut 1639

first written constitution in america, set up democratic government in connecticut

new england confederation

alliance of new england colonies, defense against native attacks and other threats

frame of government 1682

pennsylvania government plan, protected colonists rights

corporate colonies

colonies run by companies, colonist has more control than royal colonies

royal colonies

colonies run directly by the king, less freedom for colonists, king controlled decisions

proprietary colonies

colonies owned by an individual or group, owners chose government and land distribution

chesapeake colonies

virginia and maryland, tobacco farming and labor systems shaped economy

joint stock companies

group of investors pooling money, funded colonies like jamestown

virginia company

joint stock company that funded jamestown, made the first permanent english settlement

mercantilism

economic system where colonies benefit the mother country, colonies provided resources and markets for england

navigation acts

laws controlling colonial trade, made sure england profited from colonial trade

dominion of new england

combined new england colonies under one royal governor, limited self government in colinies

sir edmund andros

governor of dominion of new england, very unpopular

glorious revolution

overthrew king james II in england, ended dominion of new englad, restored some colonial self rule

indentured servants

people working for years to pay for passage to america, early labor system before slavery became main system

headright system

land granted to settlers who brought workers, encouraged settlement and labor

slavery

africans forced to work for life, main labor system for plantations in colonies

triangular trade

trade network between europe, africa, and americas, spread slavery and goods

middle passage

voyage of enslaved africans to the americas, brutal, caused many deaths, key part of slavery system