ESE - Energy Resources and Waste Management (PART 1)

Energy Resources only (ren and nonren)

Energy

Sustains and integrates all forms of life, making it required for life processes

Energy

A qualitative property that must be transferred to an object to perform work on to

Energy Resources

Things that can produce heat, power life, move objects, or produce electricity

Fuel

Matter that stores usable energy is called -

R.A 9513 (Renewable Act of 2008)

This law governs the development, utilization, and commercialization of energy sources in the PH

Format: R.A # (Name)

Renewable Energy

Comes from natural resources that can be renewed (sunlight, wind, water, geothermal heat)

Renewable Energy

Clean, sustainable, environmentally friendly – making it important and a friendly alternative to fossil fuels

Renewable Energy

Provides an important solution by lowering greenhouse gas emissions and reducing reliance on nonrenewable energy sources

Hydroelectric Energy/Hydropower

Utilizes the kinetic energy of falling or running water to turn a turbine generator and generate electricity

Flow, Height

In hydropower, the output energy from falling depends on the available — and the — from which the water flows.

Dam, Reservoir

Hydropower is considered nonpolluting, but because of its requirements which are a — and a —, it obstructs fish migration and can affect fish population

Hydroelectric Energy/Hydropower

Generates electricity through the power of flowing water, done by building a dam across a river to store water in a reservoir – when released, the water flows through turbines which produces energy

Ocean Power

Has the potential to generate energy by using other sources of power/energy provided by waves, tides, and temperature fluctuations of the oceans

(1) Suitable in certain locations only

(2) Hazard to marine ecosystem

(3) Wave generators have unpleasant visuals to those who live near the coastal area

State one disadvantage of using ocean power

Geothermal Energy

The heat from the Earth’s interior

Geothermal Power Plants

Power plants that harness heat energy released from underground steam and hot springs to spin turbines, generating electricity

Dry Steam, Flash Steam, Binary Cycle

What are the 3 types of geothermal power stations?

Dry Steam

A type of geothermal power station that is considered as the simplest and oldest design while it directly uses geothermal steam which goes directly to the turbine that drives the generator which produces electricity, then the steam is cooled, turns into cool water, then is returned to the reservoir

Flash Steam

A type of geothermal power station that is considered as the most common where the hot water is pumped under great pressure to the surface

Binary Cycle

A type of geothermal power station that is used if the water that reaches the surface is not hot enough to produce steam

3rd, 3

The PH ranks — in geothermal energy production where # out of 10 geothermal plants are found in the country

Tiwi Geothermal Complex (Albay), Makiling-Banahaw Geothermal Complex (Laguna), Malitbog Geothermal Complex (Ormoc City)

Give the 3 geothermal power plants in the PH and where they are located

Format: Name of power plant (Place)

Sun

It is the largest source of energy

50, 45, 5

Sunlight that reaches Earth has —% visible light, —% infrared radiation, —% ultraviolet radiation, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation

Solar Energy

It can supply all future energy if properly harnessed

Solar energy

Energy from the sun, turning sunlight into electricity or heat

Solar panels, Solar thermal systems

Solar energy sunlight into electricity or heat by using technologies like — and —

Solar Energy

It is abundant, clean, and widely available, one of the promising sources of renewable energy

(1) High initial cost

(2) Weather dependent

(3) Manufacturing Impact

(4) Intermittent Supply

State one disadvantage of solar energy

Wind Energy

It is the secondary form of solar energy

Wind Energy

A type of energy where air is set in motion by the pressure gradient force, which is the flow from high pressure to low pressure

Rotor

Wind energy is converted into power by using a?

Aerodynamics

Wind energy performance efficiency varies from 10% to 50% depending on the —

Wind Energy

Produced by transforming kinetic energy of wind movement into power/electricity via wind turbines

Turbine, Generator

In wind energy, the blades of the — turn, which spins the — that produces electricity

Wind Energy

It is a clean and renewable source of energy that produces no greenhouse gas emissions

Grid-Connected Wind Turbine Generators, Wind Hybrid System, Wind Pumps

What are the 3 types of wind energy power plants?

Grid-connected wind turbine generators

A wind energy power plant that has designs that may be three-bladed, stall, or pitch-regulated, or horizontal axis machines operating at near-fixed rotational speed

Grid-connected wind turbine generators

A wind energy power plant where the action of the wind rotates the blades which drives the generator that produces the electricity

Wind Hybrid System

A wind energy power plant that uses other energy sources like photovoltaic cells to store power in batteries

Wind Hybrid System

A wind energy power plant used in small remote grids for special applications like water pumping or battery charging

Wind Pumps

A wind energy power plant that transforms kinetic energy of the wind to cause vertical action of the piston to such water upwards

Wind Pumps

A wind energy power plant where the windmill replaces human power in a hand-operated water pump

Biomass

Biological or plant and animal materials used as fuel for the generations of electricity, fuel, and heat

Biomass

Food waste, wood, solid waste, crop residues, animal waste, and energy plants are sources of which type of renewable energy?

Hydropower, Ocean Power, Geothermal Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Biomass

Name the 6 types of renewable energy

Nonrenewable Energy

Comes from natural resources that are limited in supply and cannot be naturally replenished or replaced

They serve as the primary source of energy for industries, transportation, and households

Why are nonrenewable energies still important despite their effects?

Fossil Fuels

Fuels formed by natural processes like anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms

Coal, Oil and Natural Gas, Crude Oil, Petroleum

Name the 4 types of fossil fuels

Coal

Combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is made up of solid organic materials and is burned to produce electricity

Coal

Formed from the accumulation of plant remains, usually in rock strata in layers or veins

Coal

Started forming over 350 million years ago, through transformation of organic plant matter

Semirara Island

The Philippines has significant coal resources, primarily located at —, but the majority of its coal is low-quality, leading to heavy reliance on imported coal

Coalification, Bituminization, Carbonification

Term for the formation of coal from plant material by the processes of diagenesis and metamorphism, also called — or —

Peat, Lignite, Sub-bituminous coal, Bituminous coal, Anthracite

Name the 5 stages of coal in order

Peat

The stage of coal where there is a soupy plant filled stew

Lignite (brown coal)

The stage of coal where there is 70% to 76% carbon and 53% to 63% volatile matter ; low-grade fuel with a high moisture content used in industrial boilers

Sub-bituminous coal

The stage of coal where there is 65 to 70% carbon and 63 to 53% volatile matter ; low-grade fuel with a high moisture content that is used in industrial boilers.

Bituminous coal (soft coal)

The stage of coal where there is 70% to 86% carbon and 46% to 31% volatile matter ; used to make coke, used in metallurgy

Anthracite (hardest coal)

The type of coal where there is  86% to 98% pure carbon and 8 to 3% volatile matter ; excellent fuel that is used to heat homes

Oil

It is refined into fuels

Oil, Natural gas

— and — are the products of the deep burial and decomposition of dead plants and animals

Heat, Pressure

These two agents, in the absence of oxygen, transform the decomposed material into tiny pockets of gas and crude oil then migrate through the pores in rocks to eventually collect in reservoirs

Natural Gas

It is a nonrenewable energy generated by power and heating

Natural Gas

The cleanest form of all fossil fuels

Methane (CH4)

Natural gas is a mixture of naturally-occuring light hydrocarbons composed of mostly — (chemical)

Anaerobic decay, kerogen formation, catagenesis, oil extraction

What are the 4 stages for natural gas to form?

Crude Oil

It is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in underground geologic formations and remains a liquid when brought to the surface

Petra (rock), Oleum (soil)

Petroleum is derived from the Latin words — and —

Format: Term (meaning)

Petroleum

A fossil fuel that formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient marine organisms buried under layers of sand, silt, and rock

Petroleum

These are produced from the processing of crude oil and other liquids, from the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons at natural gas processing plants, and from the production of finished products at blending facilities.

Iligan Power Plant (Batangas)

One of the largest power plants that uses natural gas

Format: Name (Place)

Nuclear Energy

Energy found in the nucleus (core of an atom)

Uranium

Nuclear energy comes from — through fission (element)

Nuclear Fission

A process where energy is released when the nucleus of an atom is split

Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (Morong)

A project that costed 2 billion US dollars but was never used

Ferdinand Marcos Sr., 1976-1984

The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant was constructed under the presidency of — during year-year

Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, 621

Designed to generate — megawatts of electricity and was meant to reduce the country’s dependence on imported oil, but the plant never operated

Because of its location which was near fault lines and volcanoes, rooting from the safety concerns after the Chernobyl disaster

Why was the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant postponed?