Amylase Glucose Cholesterol

α-Amylase

Enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,4-α-glucosidic bonds, playing a key role in starch digestion; clinically significant for diagnosing pancreatic disorders.

Serum Amylase Testing

Used to diagnose acute/chronic pancreatitis and other intra-abdominal disorders based on serum amylase levels.

Typical Serum Amylase Behavior in Acute Pancreatitis

4-6x increase within 12–72 hours; returns to normal in 3–5 days.

CNP-G3

Substrate used in serum amylase ELITech method for measuring amylase activity.

Amylase Assay Measurement

Increase of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol absorbance at 405 nm, which is proportional to α-amylase activity.

Specimen Requirement for Serum Amylase

Serum must be free of hemolysis or use lithium heparin plasma.

Serum Amylase Concentration Formula

(ΔAsample / ΔAstandard) × standard concentration.

Reference Values for Serum Amylase

31–107 U/L at 37°C.

Common Interferences for Serum Amylase

None significant up to specific levels of triglycerides (3000 mg/dL), bilirubin (~30 mg/dL), hemoglobin (500 mg/dL); rare interference by monoclonal gammopathy.

Blood Glucose Clinical Significance

Used to diagnose metabolic carbohydrate disorders such as diabetes mellitus.

Enzymatic Method for Glucose Determination

Enzymatic colorimetric method known as the Trinder method, used in glucose assays.

Enzymes in ELITech Glucose Assay

Glucose oxidase and peroxidase.

Sodium Fluoride in Plasma Collection

Inhibits glycolysis to prevent glucose loss during testing.

Specimen Handling for Glucose Testing

Preferably serum or plasma with sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate; avoid hemolysis.

Glucose Concentration Calculation

(Asample / Astandard) × standard concentration.

Reference Values for Blood Glucose

74–106 mg/dL (4.1–5.9 mmol/L).

Substances Interfering with Glucose Testing

Significant interference from L-dopa causing falsely low results; minor interference from other substances.

Total Cholesterol Clinical Significance

Used to detect hypercholesterolemia and assess cardiovascular risk.

Principle behind Total Cholesterol Determination

Enzymatic colorimetric method known as the Trinder method.

Enzymes in Total Cholesterol Assay

Cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase.

Acceptable Specimen Types for Total Cholesterol Testing

Serum or plasma from fasting patients (heparin or EDTA).

Total Cholesterol Concentration Calculation

(Asample / Astandard) × standard concentration.

Reference Values for Total Cholesterol according to NCEP

Normal: <200 mg/dL, Borderline High: 200–239 mg/dL, High: ≥240 mg/dL.

Common Interferences for Total Cholesterol Assays

No major listed interferences; ensure clean handling to avoid contamination.