Amylase Glucose Cholesterol

🧠 Flashcards for AMYLASE

Flashcard 1
Q: What is α-Amylase and its clinical significance?
A: α-Amylase hydrolyzes 1,4-α-glucosidic bonds (starch digestion). Serum amylase testing is used to diagnose acute/chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, and other intra-abdominal disorders.

Flashcard 2
Q: Describe the typical serum amylase behavior during acute pancreatitis.
A: 4-6x increase within 12–72h; returns to normal in 3–5 days.

Flashcard 3
Q: What substrate is used in the serum amylase ELITech method?
A: CNP-G3 (2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-maltotrioside).

Flashcard 4
Q: What is measured in the amylase assay and at what wavelength?
A: The increase of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol absorbance at 405 nm, proportional to α-amylase activity.

Flashcard 5
Q: What are the specimen requirements for serum amylase?
A: Serum free of hemolysis or lithium heparin plasma.

Flashcard 6
Q: What is the formula to calculate serum amylase concentration?
A: (ΔA_sample / ΔA_standard) × standard concentration.

Flashcard 7
Q: What are the reference values for serum/plasma amylase at 37°C?
A: 31–107 U/L.

Flashcard 8
Q: List common interferences for serum amylase.
A: None significant up to:

• Triglycerides: 3000 mg/dL

• Bilirubin: ~30 mg/dL

• Hemoglobin: 500 mg/dL
  Rare interference: Monoclonal gammopathy (e.g., Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia).

🧠 Flashcards for GLUCOSE

Flashcard 9
Q: What is the clinical significance of blood glucose quantification?
A: Diagnosis of metabolic carbohydrate disorders like diabetes mellitus, idiopathic hypoglycemia, and pancreatic diseases.

Flashcard 10
Q: What is the enzymatic method used in glucose determination (ELITech)?
A: Enzymatic colorimetric (Trinder method, kinetic).

Flashcard 11
Q: Which enzymes are used in the ELITech glucose assay?
A: Glucose oxidase and peroxidase.

Flashcard 12
Q: Why is sodium fluoride used in plasma collection for glucose testing?
A: To inhibit glycolysis and prevent glucose loss.

Flashcard 13
Q: What is the specimen handling for glucose testing?
A: Serum or plasma (sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate preferred); avoid hemolysis.

Flashcard 14
Q: How is glucose concentration calculated?
A: (A_sample / A_standard) × standard concentration.

Flashcard 15
Q: What are the reference values for blood glucose?
A: 74–106 mg/dL (4.1–5.9 mmol/L).

Flashcard 16
Q: Name substances that interfere with glucose testing.
A: Significant interference: L-dopa (falsely low results). Minor or no significant interference from triglycerides, bilirubin, uric acid, etc.

🧠 Flashcards for TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

Flashcard 17
Q: What is the clinical significance of total cholesterol testing?
A: Detect hypercholesterolemia; assess cardiovascular risk (atherosclerosis, vascular accidents).

Flashcard 18
Q: What is the principle behind total cholesterol determination?
A: Enzymatic colorimetric (Trinder method, endpoint).

Flashcard 19
Q: List the enzymes involved in total cholesterol assay.
A: Cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase.

Flashcard 20
Q: What are the acceptable specimen types for total cholesterol testing?
A: Serum or plasma (heparin or EDTA) from fasting patients.

Flashcard 21
Q: How is total cholesterol concentration calculated?
A: (A_sample / A_standard) × standard concentration.

Flashcard 22
Q: What are the reference values for total cholesterol according to NCEP?
A:

• Normal: <200 mg/dL (<5.17 mmol/L)

• Borderline High: 200–239 mg/dL (5.17–6.18 mmol/L)

• High: ≥240 mg/dL (≥6.21 mmol/L)

Flashcard 23
Q: Name common interferences for total cholesterol assays.
A: No major listed; ensure clean handling to prevent contamination.