Biology and Chemistry Interview Study Flashcards

Flashcards of key biology and chemisty concepts and definitions

__ is the process by which the cell membrane engulfs substances and brings them into the cell.

The process by which the cell membrane engulfs substances and brings them into the cell.

__ is the process by which cells excrete molecules by discharging these substances in bulk from the cell.

The process by which cells excrete molecules by discharging these substances in bulk from the cell.

The and provide structure and organization to the cytoplasm; involved in intracellular transport and cell division.

Provide structure and organization to the cytoplasm; involved in intracellular transport and cell division.

The __ is the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly.

Site of ribosome synthesis and assembly.

The __ modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery.

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery.

__ carry out cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Carry out cellular respiration to produce ATP.

__ is cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

__ is cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

Cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

__ is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

__ states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

States that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

A __ is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule.

A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule.

__ is the process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules.

The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules.

The __ is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates bodily functions through electrical and chemical signals.

Made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates bodily functions through electrical and chemical signals.

The skeletal system is responsible for , , and __ .

Support, movement, and protection.

The __ transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body; removes waste products.

Transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body; removes waste products.

The __ secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

Secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

The __ breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

Breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

The __ removes waste products from the blood and regulates fluid balance.

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates fluid balance.

The __ exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

The __ protects the body from the external environment.

Protects the body from the external environment.

The __ produces gametes and facilitates reproduction.

Produces gametes and facilitates reproduction.

The __ organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.

Horizontal rows that organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.

The __ is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

The __ is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

__ are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

__ is an electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

A __ is a covalent bond formed by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

Covalent bond formed by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

A __ is a bond between two atoms for which the bonding electrons are not shared equally

A bond between two atoms for which the bonding electrons are not shared equally

The __ is number of entities in one mole of a substance.

Number of entities in one mole of a substance.

__ are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.

Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.

donate protons, accept protons.

Acids donate protons, bases accept protons.

__ is a reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water.

Reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water.

__ measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

__ is the speed at which reactants are converted into products.

Speed at which reactants are converted into products.

__ is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion.

Energy possessed by a body due to its motion.

__ is the energy possessed by a body due to its position or condition.

Energy possessed by a body due to its position or condition.

__ are reactions that release heat.

Reactions that release heat.

__ are reactions that absorb heat.

Reactions that absorb heat.

__ contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other to form chains or rings.

Contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other to form chains or rings.

__ are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

A __ is a molecule that is non-superimposable on its mirror image.

Molecule that is non-superimposable on its mirror image.

contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group, contain a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring, contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom and contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms

Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group, phenols contain a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring, aldehydes contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom and ketones contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms

are simple sugars, are two monosaccharides linked by a O-glycosidic bond, and __ are long chains of monosaccharides.

Monosaccharides are simple sugars, disaccharides are two monosaccharides linked by a O-glycosidic bond, and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides.

are long-chain carboxylic acids, are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids, and __ contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).

Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids, triacylglycerols are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids, and amino acids contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).

__ are monomeric molecules which consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and one to three phosphate groups.

Monomeric molecules which consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and one to three phosphate groups.