density
ρ = m/v
density = mass / volume
specific heat capacity (change in internal energy)
△E = mc△t
change in internal energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg*C) x temperature change (*C)
specific latent heat (energy required for state change)
E = mL
energy required (J) = mass (kg) x specific latent heat (J/kg)
pressure
P = F/A
Pressure (Pa) = force (N) / area (m²)
pressure in a liquid
p=hpg
pressure in a liquid (Pa) = height of liquid column (m) x density (kg/m²) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)
pressure and volume relationship
P1V1 = P2V2
PV = constant