Ancient Greek I: A 21st-Century Approach, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, Modules 9-12

Ancient Greek I: A 21st-Century Approach, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, Modules 9-12

δίδωμι

give; allow

εἰμί

be, be possible

ἵημι

release, hurl, send; (mid.) hasten

πάρειμι

be near, be present; (imper.) be possible

φημί

say, affirm, assert

ἀλλά

but, for

γάρ (postpositive)

for

δέ (postpositive; sometimes δέ just indicates change of subject)

and, but

ἤ

or, than

καί

and

καί . . . καί

both . . . and

μηδέ

and . . . not

μήτε

neither

μήτε . . . μήτε

neither . . . nor

οὐδέ

and not, but not, not even

οὔτε

and not; neither

οὔτε . . . οὔτε

neither . . . nor

τε (enclitic and postpositive)

and

ἐάν

if

εἰ (proclitic)

if

ἐπεί

after, when, since

ἵνα

in order that, so that, where

ὅπως

so that, in order that; how; whenever

ὅταν (ὅτε + ἄν)

whenever

ὅτε

when

ὅτι

that, because

πρίν

before

ὡς (proclitic)

as, how, when, since

ὥστε

and so, such that, with the result that

ἀεί or αἰεί

always

ἅμα

at the same time as, at once

ἀνά

thereon, thereupon, throughout

ἄρα or ῥά

and so, therefore, then, in that case

γε (enclitic)

indeed, in fact, merely, at least

δέ (postpositive)

on the other hand

δή

indeed, in fact, certainly

ἔπειτα

thereupon, thereafter, then

ἔτι

yet, still

εὖ

well

ἤδη

already, by this time, now

καί

even, also

μάλιστα

especially, most

μᾶλλον

more, rather

μέν (postpositive; typically followed by δέ)

on the one hand

μέντοι

indeed, to be sure, however

μετά

after, next

μή (mostly found in hypothetical contexts)

no, not

μήν

truly, surely

νῦν

now

οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ (proclitic; mostly found in factual contexts)

no, not

οὖν

then, therefore; really, certainly

οὕτως or οὕτω

in this way, such, so

πάλιν

back

πάνυ

perfectly, verily, by all means

ποτε (enclitic)

at some time, once, ever

πῶς

how

τοίνυν

then, therefore

τότε

at that time, then

ὥσπερ

as, as if

βούλομαι

want, prefer; wish, be willing

γίγνομαι (γίνομαι)

be, be born, happen, become

δεῖ

it is necessary + inf.

δοκέω

seem, think; seem best, think best + inf.

ἔρχομαι

come, go

ἔχω

have, hold; be + adv.; be able + inf.

λαμβάνω

take, receive; capture

λέγω

say, tell, speak

ὁράω

see

ποιέω

do, make, cause; (mid.) consider

δεῖ ἐλθεῖν

it is necessary to come

καλῶς ἔχω

I am well

ὧδε ἔχει

it is like so

ὁ, ἡ, τό

the

ὦ (precedes a noun, marks for the vocative case, often not translated)

oh

ἄγω

do, drive, lead

ἀκούω

hear, hear of or about, listen, heed + gen. or acc.

ἄρχω

rule, command; begin + gen.

δύναμαι

be able, be strong enough + inf.

καλέω

call

οἴομαι (οἶμαι)

think, suppose, believe

πράσσω (πράττω)

do, make; fare;

φέρω

bring, bear, carry; endure

πράσσω κακῶς

I suffer

ἐθέλω (θέλω)

wish, be willing

πείθω

persuade + inf.

τυγχάνω

happen; meet + gen.; obtain + gen.; hit the mark, strike + gen.

φαίνω

show, reveal; (pass.) appear

χράομαι

use, employ, experience + dat.

πείθω

(mid. or pass.) listen to, obey + dat. or gen.

ἅμα + dative

at the same time as

ἀνά + genitive or dative

on, upon, onto

ἀνά + accusative

up to, throughout

ἀπό + genitive

from, away from

διά + genitive

through; by

διά + accusative

on account of

εἰς or ἐς (proclitic) + accusative

to, into, against

ἐκ (proclitic) + genitive

from, out of, by

ἐν (proclitic) + dative

in, on, at, among

ἕνεκα or εἵνεκα + genitive

on account of; for the sake of

ἐπί + genitive or dative

on, at