Human Impact & Stem Cell Test #4 Review

Nuclear Power Advantages

Reliable and low-carbon energy source.

Nuclear Power Disadvantages

Risks include radioactive waste and potential accidents.

Ozone Depletion Causes

Primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) leading to increased UV radiation.

Global Warming Causes

Long-term increase in Earth's average temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.

Acid Rain Causes

Formed when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) react with water in the atmosphere.

What are CFCs?

Synthetic compounds used in refrigeration and aerosols that contribute to ozone depletion.

What are greenhouse gases?

Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Advantages of Alternative Energy Sources

Reduce emissions and are renewable.

Disadvantages of Alternative Energy Sources

Can be intermittent and require significant infrastructure investment.

Chernobyl Disaster Date and Location

April 26, 1986, Ukraine; worst nuclear accident in history.

Fukushima Daiichi Disaster Date and Location

March 11, 2011, Japan; caused by an earthquake and tsunami.

Exxon Valdez Disaster Date and Location

March 24, 1989, Alaska; one of the worst oil spills.

Deepwater Horizon Disaster Date and Location

April 20, 2010, Gulf of Mexico; largest marine oil spill.

Chernobyl vs. Fukushima Damage Comparison

Chernobyl released more radiation due to reactor explosion; Fukushima's damage caused by cooling system failures.

Invasive Species Impact

Disrupt ecosystems by outcompeting native species and breaking the equilibrium.

What are stem cells?

Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into specialized cells.

Purpose of Stem Cells

Used for tissue repair, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment.

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Can become any cell type but poses ethical concerns.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Avoids ethical issues but may have genetic instability.

Totipotent Stem Cells

Can form an entire organism but are difficult to isolate.

Multipotent Stem Cells

Limited differentiation but useful for specific therapies.

Oligopotent Stem Cells

Can develop into a few cell types, useful for targeted treatments.

Bone Marrow Harvesting

Extracted from the hip bone for blood-related treatments.

Liposuction Stem Cell Harvesting

Adipose-derived stem cells are collected from fat tissue.

Apheresis

Blood stem cells are separated using a machine.

Amniocentesis

Stem cells harvested from amniotic fluid offering regenerative potential.