Human Impact & Stem Cell Test #4 Review
Human Impact & Stem Cell Test #4 Review
Below is a list of things that you should know for test #4. Please complete this test review as a HW. Fill in the information below.
You should know the following information:
Nuclear Power Advantages and Disadvantages - Nuclear power provides a reliable and low-carbon energy source but comes with risks such as radioactive waste and potential accidents
Ozone Depletion and its causes- gradual thinning of Earth's ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, caused primarily by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances, leading to increased UV radiation
Global Warming and its causes- long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, driven by greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities.
Acid Rain and its causes- precipitation—rain, snow, fog, or dust—that contains high levels of sulfuric and nitric acids. Formed when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) react with water in the atmosphere, harming ecosystems and infrastructure
What are CFC’s- Chlorofluorocarbons are synthetic compounds used in refrigeration and aerosols, contributing to ozone depletion
What are greenhouse gases- include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, trapping heat in the atmosphere
Pros and Cons of alternative energy sources- Renewable energy sources like solar and wind reduce emissions, but can be intermittent and require infrastructure investment
Where and when were the following disasters
Chernobyl -(worst disaster in history): (April 26, 1986, Ukraine): The worst nuclear accident in history, causing widespread radiation exposure
Fukushima Daiichi- (March 11, 2011, Japan): Triggered by an earthquake and tsunami, leading to reactor meltdowns
Exxon Valdez- (March 24, 1989, Alaska): One of the worst oil spills, devastating marine ecosystems
Deepwater Horizon- (April 20, 2010, Gulf of Mexico): The largest marine oil spill, causing extensive environmental damage
Compare and contrast amount of damage between Chernobyl and Fukushima
Chernobyl released more radiation due to a reactor explosion, while cooling system failures caused Fukushima’s damage.
Examples of invasive species and the problems they cause in general, not for each one.
Some invasive species include Burmese pythons, European starlings, and Asian carp. They all disrupt ecosystems by outcompeting the native species and breaking the equilibrium.
What are stem cells?- Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into specialized cells
What is the purpose of stem cells?- Used for tissue repair, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment
Advantages and disadvantages of following stem cell types;
Pluripotent - Can become any cell type, but poses ethical concerns
Induced Pluripotent - Avoids ethical issues, but may have genetic instability
Totipotent - Can form an entire organism, but are difficult to isolate
Multipotent - Limited differentiation but useful for specific therapies
Oligopotent - Can develop into a few cell types, useful for targeted treatments
Stem Cell harvesting techniques and their locations-
Bone marrow- Extracted from the hip bone, used for blood-related treatments
Liposuction- Adipose-derived stem cells are collected from fat tissue
Apheresis- Blood stem cells are separated using a machine
Amniocentesis- Stem cells harvested from amniotic fluid, offering regenerative potential