Chapter 7: Geographies of Culture and Landscape

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Why has our culture tended to have the unfortunate consequences?

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1

Why has our culture tended to have the unfortunate consequences?

  • Our world is divided, mainly due to differences in culture.

  • By culture, we mean the human ability to develop ideas from experiences and subsequently act on the basis of those ideas.

  • One task humans may choose to tackle is to create new sets of values - in effect, to re-engineer ourselves.

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2

For determining cultural regions what points are to be kept in mind?

  • Criteria for inclusion, that is, the defining characteristic.

  • Date or time period (since these regions change over time).

  • Spatial scale

  • Boundary lines

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3

Why are North American Regions easy to subdivide?

This is because the development of its contemporary cultural regions is recent enough that we are able to trace their origins.

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4

According to historians how are world regional cultures classified as?

  • Abortive and surviving.

  • Some as “arrested” because of their overspecialized response to a difficult environment; left them unable either to expand into different regions or to cope with environmental change. -Some as; Western Christendom, Orthodox Christendom, the Russian offshoot of Orthodox -Christendom, Islamic culture, Hindu culture, Chinese culture, and the Japanese offshoot of -Chinese culture - (named after religion). -And the most important feature as; manner in which it has responded to the environment.

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5

What are the problems associated with scaptial scale?

Problems associated with scaptial scale are: -The larger the area to be divided, the more likely it is that the regions identified will be either too numerous or too superficial to be helpful. -Like regionalizations based on physical variables, cultural regionalizations are more appropriately seen as useful classifications than as insightful applications of geographic methods.

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6

What is meant by vernacular regions?

Vernacular region can formally defined as the region perceived to exist by those living there and/or by people elsewhere. Such regions are most clearly characterized by a sense of place.

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7

What are basic similarities between all cultures?

Similarities are; all need to obtain food and shelter and to reproduce—they differ in the methods used to achieve those goals.

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8

How are cultural region or landscapes divided into three areas?

  • Core (the hearth area of the culture),

  • Domain (the area where the culture is dominant),

  • And sphere (the outer fringe),

  • And cultural identity decreases with increasing distance from the core.

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9

What is cultural diffusion?

Can be best described as the process of spread in geographic space and of growth through time.

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10

Why are languages disappearing?

  • Language with few speakers tends to be associated with low social status and economic disadvantage, so those who do speak it may not teach it to their children.

  • Globalization depends on communication between previously separate groups, it is becoming essential for more and more people to speak a major language such as English or Chinese.

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11

What are some mixed reactions to disappearance of language?

  • To some it represents culture loss and is just as serious a threat as loss of biodiversity.

  • Loss of languages is also an important practical issue because most languages include detailed knowledge—about local environments and culture and lifestyle of people living in the era.

  • Others see the loss of linguistic diversity as a sign of increasing human unity.

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12

How are languages spread?

  • Migration

  • When people find that speaking a particular language is benefit to their economic.

  • Language is associated with a culture that is in some way impressive, perhaps in military, artistic, economic, or religious terms.

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13

Why are places named?

  • In order to understand and give meaning to landscape - landscape without names is like individuals without names.

  • Naming places probably serves an important psychological need—to name is to know and control, to remove uncertainty about the landscape.

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14

Mention a few religiously recognized regions.

  • Israel for Jews,

  • All of India for some Hindu fundamentalists,

  • Saudi Arabia (Mecca and Madinah) for muslims,

  • Palestine for Christians.

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