nervous system pt2

hippocampus

hippocampus

A portion of the limbic system that is important for memory and learning.

frontal lobe (picture)

parietal lobe (picture)

temporal lobe (picture)

occipital lobe (picture)

temporal lobe

An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information

occipital lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

parietal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.

frontal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement

amygdala

Part of the limbic system, responsible for the emotional reactions of fear and anger.

pineal gland (picture)

pineal gland

A brain structure located near the thalamus that secretes melatonin.

medulla oblongata (picture)

medulla oblongata

Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.

pons (picture)

pons

A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

midbrain (picture)

midbrain

The portion of the brain responsible for visual and auditory startle reflexes.

hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion

thalamus (picture)

thalamus

A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex.

corpus callosum (picture)

corpus callosum

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

basal ganglia

Large clusters of neurons, located above the thalamus and under the cerebral cortex, that work with the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex to control and coordinate voluntary movements.

right brain

controls the left side of the body; known for being visual, creative, emotional, and holistic in thought

left brain

controls the right side of the body; known for being logical, analytical, and factual

astrocyte (picture)

astrocyte

The neuroglia that helps to structurally support the neurons and chemically protects them.

microglia (picture)

microglia

Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune system

oligodendrocyte (picture)

oligodendrocyte

Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.

ependymal cells (picture)

ependymal cells

Line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid, which physically supports the brain and serves as a shock absorber

dura mater

Outermost layer of the meninges

pia mater

thin inner layer of the meninges

arachnoid

middle layer of the meninges

peripheral nervous system

A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord.

central nervous system

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Interneurons

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

sensory neurons

carry impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain

motor neurons

neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effectors

autonomic nervous system

A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.

somatic nervous system

A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Enables voluntary actions to be undertaken due to its control of skeletal muscles

parasympathetic nervous system

rest and digest

sympathetic nervous system

fight or flight