nervous system pt2

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46 Terms

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hippocampus
A portion of the limbic system that is important for memory and learning.
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frontal lobe (picture)
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parietal lobe (picture)
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temporal lobe (picture)

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occipital lobe (picture)
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temporal lobe
An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information
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occipital lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
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parietal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.
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frontal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
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amygdala
Part of the limbic system, responsible for the emotional reactions of fear and anger.
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pineal gland (picture)
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pineal gland
A brain structure located near the thalamus that secretes melatonin.
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medulla oblongata (picture)
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medulla oblongata
Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.
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pons (picture)
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pons
A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
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midbrain (picture)
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midbrain
The portion of the brain responsible for visual and auditory startle reflexes.
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hypothalamus
A neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion
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thalamus (picture)
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thalamus
A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex.
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corpus callosum (picture)
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corpus callosum
The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.
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basal ganglia
Large clusters of neurons, located above the thalamus and under the cerebral cortex, that work with the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex to control and coordinate voluntary movements.
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right brain
controls the left side of the body; known for being visual, creative, emotional, and holistic in thought
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left brain
controls the right side of the body; known for being logical, analytical, and factual
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astrocyte (picture)
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astrocyte
The neuroglia that helps to structurally support the neurons and chemically protects them.
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microglia (picture)
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microglia
Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune system
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oligodendrocyte (picture)
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oligodendrocyte
Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.
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ependymal cells (picture)
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ependymal cells
Line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid, which physically supports the brain and serves as a shock absorber
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dura mater
Outermost layer of the meninges
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pia mater
thin inner layer of the meninges
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arachnoid
middle layer of the meninges
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peripheral nervous system
A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord.
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central nervous system
made up of the brain and spinal cord
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Interneurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
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sensory neurons
carry impulses from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain
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motor neurons
neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effectors
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autonomic nervous system
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
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somatic nervous system
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Enables voluntary actions to be undertaken due to its control of skeletal muscles
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parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
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sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight