Colonies Quiz Review

New England Colonies

MA, RI, NH, CT

Middle Colonies

NY, PA, NJ, DE

Southern Colonies

VA, MD, GA, SC, NC

Geographic Characteristics of New England

* cold winters
* Rocky soil
* Short growing season
* coastal harbors

Geographic Characteristics of Middle Colonies

* fertile soil
* woods
* Deep harbor in NY
* abundant natural resource

Geographic Characteristics of Southern Colonies

* Hot (sub-tropical)
* Swamps
* Rivers
* Longest growing season/good soil

Reasons for Settlement in New England Colonies

* religious freedom
* profit off of trade

Reasons for Settlement in Middle Colonies

* Religious freedom 
* for profit/ Proprietorships 
* royal charters

Reasons for Settlement in Southern Colonies

* For profit
* royal charters
* prisoners/debtors

Economy Source for New England Colonies

* Maritime-shipping & exports
* Trade centers 
* Shipbuilding
* fishing
* small family farms

Economy Source for Middle Colonies

* Food: wheat, corn
* cattle, pigs
* merchants
* shipping

Economy Source for Southern Colonies

* agriculture (plantation society)- cash crops for export (Tobacco, Rice, Indigo)
* Slavery/slave labor
* little to no manufacturing

Political Institutions in New England

* Mass/ Plymouth had Theocracies (Puritan)
* Town Halls
* Mayflower compact 
* Fundamental orders of Connecticut

Political Institutions in Middle Colonies

* Pennsylvania and Delaware: **Representative governments**
* New York & New Jersey: **Controlled by England**

Political Institutions in Southern Colonies

* Gentry/ Landed Aristocracy held power
* Patronage
* VA- First representatives- House of Burgesses
* Most colonies answered to the King

Religious Institutions in New England Colonies

* No religious freedom in Mass. Bay/Plymouth 
* Rhode Island has religious freedom 
* Most- evangelical/congregational Christians

Religious Institutions in Middle Colonies

* Included **various religions** such as Quakers, Anglicans, and Lutherans, Baptists, so there was **tolerance** in the Middle colonies.

Religious Institutions in Southern Colonies

* Anglican 
* Maryland= Catholic, Toleration Act 
* Religious freedom except VA (Anglican)

Education in New England Colonies

* Education was for upper class, men 
* Educational center
* Harvard (Boston, MASS)
* Brown (RI)
* Yale (Conn.)

Education in Middle Colonies

* Education was for upper class
* King's College-NY
* Queen’s College-NY
* Princeton College-NJ

Education in Southern Colonies

* Education was for upper class, men 
* Less higher learning institutions 
* College of William and Mary (VA)

Land Dist. in New England Colonies

* Small family plots
* community land 
* land for the church

Land Dist. in Middle Colonies

* Smaller, nearby farms
* As immigrants came land became more scarce and Native land was taken

Land Dist. in Southern Colonies

* Aristocratic gentry owned most of land for large plantations
* some small farmers/back country land, pushed boundaries with Native land

Demographics of New England Colonies

* More families
* less slaves (less black population)
* Mostly English 
* More densely populated/urban centers

Demographics of Middle Colonies

* Very **diverse**, forcing toleration in the Middle Colonies.
* English, German, Scots-Irish, Dutch

Demographics of Southern Colonies

* Large amount of slaves (higher % black population)
* Less families/women than in north

Significant Events in New England

* Bradford- Plymouth, Mayflower Compact 
* John Winthrop, Massachusetts Bay (“City Upon A Hill”)
* Pequot War 
* Metacom's War 
* Navigation Acts
* “Dominion of New England” 
* Great Awakening/ Revivalism
* George Whitfield 
* Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” 
* Banishment of R. Williams and A. Hutchinson= foundation of Rhode Island/Connecticut (T. Hooker) 
* Salem Witch Trials

Significant Events in Middle Colonies

* Navigation Acts
* Immigration influx (German, Scots-Irish)
* William Penn, Pennsylvania

Significant Events in Southern Colonies

* Establishment of Jamestown, first colony 
* Indian War of 1622 (VA)
* Lord Baltimore settles catholics in Maryland
* Bacon’s Rebellion (VA)
* Navigation Acts
* Stono Rebellion (SC)
* Maryland Act of Toleration