Colonies Quiz Review

New England Colonies

MA, RI, NH, CT

Middle Colonies

NY, PA, NJ, DE

Southern Colonies

VA, MD, GA, SC, NC

Geographic Characteristics of New England

• cold winters

• Rocky soil

• Short growing season

• coastal harbors

Geographic Characteristics of Middle Colonies

• fertile soil

• woods

• Deep harbor in NY

• abundant natural resource

Geographic Characteristics of Southern Colonies

• Hot (sub-tropical)

• Swamps

• Rivers

• Longest growing season/good soil

Reasons for Settlement in New England Colonies

• religious freedom

• profit off of trade

Reasons for Settlement in Middle Colonies

• Religious freedom

• for profit/ Proprietorships

• royal charters

Reasons for Settlement in Southern Colonies

• For profit

• royal charters

• prisoners/debtors

Economy Source for New England Colonies

• Maritime-shipping & exports

• Trade centers

• Shipbuilding

• fishing

• small family farms

Economy Source for Middle Colonies

• Food: wheat, corn

• cattle, pigs

• merchants

• shipping

Economy Source for Southern Colonies

• agriculture (plantation society)- cash crops for export (Tobacco, Rice, Indigo)

• Slavery/slave labor

• little to no manufacturing

Political Institutions in New England

• Mass/ Plymouth had Theocracies (Puritan)

• Town Halls

• Mayflower compact

• Fundamental orders of Connecticut

Political Institutions in Middle Colonies

• Pennsylvania and Delaware: Representative governments

• New York & New Jersey: Controlled by England

Political Institutions in Southern Colonies

• Gentry/ Landed Aristocracy held power

• Patronage

• VA- First representatives- House of Burgesses

• Most colonies answered to the King

Religious Institutions in New England Colonies

• No religious freedom in Mass. Bay/Plymouth

• Rhode Island has religious freedom

• Most- evangelical/congregational Christians

Religious Institutions in Middle Colonies

* Included **various religions** such as Quakers, Anglicans, and Lutherans, Baptists, so there was **tolerance** in the Middle colonies.

Religious Institutions in Southern Colonies

• Anglican

• Maryland= Catholic, Toleration Act

• Religious freedom except VA (Anglican)

Education in New England Colonies

• Education was for upper class, men

• Educational center

• Harvard (Boston, MASS)

• Brown (RI)

• Yale (Conn.)

Education in Middle Colonies

• Education was for upper class

• King's College-NY

• Queen’s College-NY

• Princeton College-NJ

Education in Southern Colonies

• Education was for upper class, men

• Less higher learning institutions

• College of William and Mary (VA)

Land Dist. in New England Colonies

• Small family plots

• community land

• land for the church

Land Dist. in Middle Colonies

• Smaller, nearby farms

• As immigrants came land became more scarce and Native land was taken

Land Dist. in Southern Colonies

• Aristocratic gentry owned most of land for large plantations

• some small farmers/back country land, pushed boundaries with Native land

Demographics of New England Colonies

• More families

• less slaves (less black population)

• Mostly English

• More densely populated/urban centers

Demographics of Middle Colonies

• Very diverse, forcing toleration in the Middle Colonies.

• English, German, Scots-Irish, Dutch

Demographics of Southern Colonies

• Large amount of slaves (higher % black population)

• Less families/women than in north

Significant Events in New England

• Bradford- Plymouth, Mayflower Compact

• John Winthrop, Massachusetts Bay (“City Upon A Hill”)

• Pequot War

• Metacom's War

• Navigation Acts

• “Dominion of New England”

• Great Awakening/ Revivalism

• George Whitfield

• Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

• Banishment of R. Williams and A. Hutchinson= foundation of Rhode Island/Connecticut (T. Hooker)

• Salem Witch Trials

Significant Events in Middle Colonies

• Navigation Acts

• Immigration influx (German, Scots-Irish)

• William Penn, Pennsylvania

Significant Events in Southern Colonies

• Establishment of Jamestown, first colony

• Indian War of 1622 (VA)

• Lord Baltimore settles catholics in Maryland

• Bacon’s Rebellion (VA)

• Navigation Acts

• Stono Rebellion (SC)

• Maryland Act of Toleration