AP HuGe Chapter 4 Vocabulary Terms

acculturation

the process of adjustment to the dominant culture

assimilation

the process of giving up cultural traditions and adopting the social customs of the dominant culture of a place

custom

the frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

Folk Culture

culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

habit

a repetitive act performed by a particular individual

popular culture

culture found in large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

taboo

a restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom

terroir

the contribution of a location's distinctive features to the way food tastes

culture

the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a groups distinct tradition

vernacular region

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

formal region

an area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

functional region

an area organized around a node or focal point

scale

generally the relationship between the portion of earth being studied ans earth as a whole
pop culture covers more ground than folk culture

space

the physical gap or interval between two objects
1. distribution of culture
2. material culture and the environment

place

a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
connections and spread of culture or isolation of culture

region

an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
globalization vs. local diversity

hearth

the region form which innovative ideas originate

globalization

actions or process that involve the entire world and resulting making something worldwide in scope

syncretism

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

connection

the relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

homogeneous

of the same kind; alike

heterogeneous

diverse in character or content

origin of folk music

Communicates about daily activities or mysterious events
Passed on orally and changes with the times and needs

origin of pop music

Today’s music traces back to about 1900: variety shows Tin Pan Alley in NY
WWII broadcast established
US in pop music
Hip-hop more recent expression of globalization vs. local diversity

hierarchies

Pop culture diffuses through ______________

hierarchical diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend form one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

relocation diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend though bodily movement of people form one place to another

site

the physical character of a place

space

the location of a place relative to another place

relocation diffusion

folk culture passes by ___________________

Influence of the Physical
Environment

-Clothing can be influenced by the needs of or resources
found while living in a specific environment
-Food – plants & animals influenced
-Farming techniques influence what can be eaten
-Food taboos influence what CAN’T be eaten
-Social values also influence what people eat & don’t eat

Folk housing

-Typically wood or brick
-Differences often based on availability
-MDC’s most often use pre-cut lumber and plywood and
then some type of decorative/insular siding
-Distinct features of dwellings often represent
environmental needs/desires

Beliefs in folk houses

-Sacred spaces in houses
-Sleeping arrangements can be determined by social
customs

Fashion in MDC

-Occupations have a huge influence on fashion
-Income
-Better communication increases change over
-Traditional folk dress works into high fashion

fashion

since 1940's housing = .....

Modern house styles

-1945-1960
-Minimal traditional – good starter home
-Ranch house – rooms on one level, larger lot
-Split-level – family room, kitchen, & formal dining room
-Contemporary – flat or low pitched roofs, architect-designer homes
-Shed – collection of high-pitched roofs

Neo-eclectic

-since 1960
-Mansard – sloping second story
-Neo-Tudor – steep gables & timber detailing
-Neo-French – dormers with rounded tops
-Neo-Colonial – “great room” & dormers

TV

-Most popular leisure activity in the world
-Most important for rapid diffusion of pop culture
-Developed in several countries at the same time, but US dominated early

Internet

same as TV but faster

Threats to Folk Culture

-Loss of traditional values
-Clothing
-Role of women
-Media imperialism
-MDC’s threaten independence of some LDC’s
-US, UK, & Japan – major influences
-Influence of world news
-Satellites
-Limit to government control of information
-Internet gives even more access

Environmental impact of popular culture

-Modifying nature
- uniform landscapes
-negative impacts
- Increased demand for natural resources
-Pollution

New England houses

found in great lakes region
came from new England
distinctive box shaped with central hall

middle Atlantic house

westward across the Ohio valley and southwestward along the Appalachian trail
known as the"I" house

lower Chesapeake and tidewater house

spread by migrants along the southeast coast
typically one story with steep roof and chimneys

origin of folk culture

anonymous hearths form anonymous sources and unknown dates through unidentified originators may have multiple hearths

origin of popular culture

traceable to a specific person or corporation in a particular place most often a product of developed countries