Gibbs Free Energy

What are standard conditions?

25° C (298 K), 1 atm, 1 M concentration

What is vapor pressure?

The pressure gas exerts over liquid after evaporation at equilibrium.

What is the boiling point?

When the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the ambient pressure.

What is the critical point?

The temperature at which the densities of liquid and vapor become equal and indistinguishable from one another.

When is enthalpy (∆H) equal to heat (Q)?

Under constant pressure.

How to find the heat released or absorbed during a process?

Q = mc∆T

What does the change in Gibbs Free Energy measure?

The change in both enthalpy and entropy of a system as it undergoes a process.

What does negative/decrease in Gibbs Free Energy mean?

The reaction is spontaneous.

What does positive/increase in Gibbs Free Energy mean?

The reaction is nonspontaneous.

What equation defines Gibbs Free Energy?

∆G = ∆H -T∆S

What is the standard free energy formation of a compound?

The free energy change that occurs when 1 mole of a compound in its standard state is produced from its elements in their standard states under standard state conditions. 0

What is the standard free energy of a reaction?

The free energy change that occurs when a reaction is carried out under standard state conditions (298 K and 1 atm). Equals sum of the free energies of formation of the products - the reactant’s.

How to derive the standard free energy change of a reaction from the equilibrium constant (Keq)?

∆Grxn = -RTlnKeq

R: ideal gas constant

What is the kinetic product?

The product that is produced more quickly. When major product = kinetic control

What is the thermodynamic product?

The product that is more stable. When major product = thermodynamic control.