APUSH Terms 126-150

25/25

Vertical or Horizontal Integration

Form of monopolistic system used by the "captains of industry" in the U.S from the 1870's to 1900 to control production and sale. Vertical = mine to market; Horizontal = specialization in one particular aspect of business

Thomas Nast

Political cartoonist whose work exposed the abuses of the Tweed ring, criticized the South's attempts to impede Reconstruction, and lampooned labor unions. Created the animal symbols of the Democratic and Republican parties.

Social Darwinism

19th century of belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Darwin could be applied to society.

The USS MAINE

American battleship that blew up in Havana, Cuba, and ultimately started the Spanish - American War of 1898 "To Hell with Spain! Remember the Maine!"

Yellow Journalism

Sensational newspaper reporting by William Randolph Hearst and Jay Pulitzer's news journals that helped instigate a war with Spain.

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized the President in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Naval historian who influenced American Imperialism and a world-wide naval arms race with his support of large battleships and large navies to protect overseas colonial holdings & trade.

Open Door Policy

Secretary of State John Hay's plan in 1899 to give all countries equal trading rights with China and respect Chinese sovereignty. Derived from his Policy Notes which closed the door to the European/Japanese "spheres of influence".

New Immigrant

Term applies to southern and eastern European immigrants that came to American cities in the 1890's.

Hull House

During the Industrial Revolution, Jane Addams founded this settlement house that offered social programs for immigrants.

Populists

American political movement that began in the Midwest among agrarian interests who believed the money supply was too restrictive (Hard Money) and demanded monetary reform (coinage of Silver). Their support of socialist ideas laid the groundwork for the "progressive" movement.

Wounded Knee/ Ghost Dance Movement

The last major battle between the Native Americans and the U.S. Army in 1890. U.S army reacted to the ghost dance religion of the Sioux tribe. Ghost Dance Movement was the Native American traditional religion that resurrected through dance the great bison herds and to call a storm to drive whites back across the Atlantic

Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890

Passed to appease pro-silver interests of Midwest Farmers, the act created inflation and lowered Gold Reserves thus causing the panic of 1893.

American Federation of Labor

The AFL was the first successful trade union that succeeded in bringing acceptance to unions because its members were skilled and were willing to avoid strikes through "collective bargaining".

Coxey's Army

These were hundreds of unemployed laborers led by a populist businessman on a march to Washington D.C. to demand a work relief program. They were dispersed when they arrived and the leaders were arrested.

Roosevelt Corollary/ Big Stick Policy

Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine where the U.S. promised to intervene in Latin American affairs if its "police powers" needed to be used. The nickname of Teddy Roosevelt's bold foreign policy (gunboat diplomacy) in Latin America"

The Jungle

Muckraker Upton Sinclair wrote the novel during the progressive era. It prompted President T. Roosevelt to sign the Meat Inspection Act.

NAWSA

National American Women's Suffrage Association. It played a pivotal role in the passing of the 19th Amendment in 1920 which guaranteed women's right to vote.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Passed to curb the abuses of big business in 1890, it was instead used to break up labor unions by claiming unions were a "labor trust".

Dollar Diplomacy

A type of economic imperialism in which the Taft administration's use of monetary power created dependency among Latin Amer. Countries to the U.S.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Signed into law by President Wilson it was considered to be the "Magna Carta of Labor". It outlawed restraining orders (Injunctions). Its primary purpose was to outlaw price discrimination and interlocking directorates.

New Nationalism

Slogan for the reform program of Teddy Roosevelt and the Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) in the election of 1913.

Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896

Supreme Court Case that upheld Jim Crow segregation laws as legal so as they were "separate but equal".

Robber Barons

A term used to describe the Gilded Age monopolist for their Social Darwinist practices who referred to themselves as "Captains of Industry."

Grangers

The Patrons of Husbandry or farmers organized against railroad abuses. Similar group to the Farmers Alliance.