Global History Regents Review

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Flashcards for Global History Regents Review

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51 Terms

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Scientific Revolution

Questioning science and astronomy, followed natural law

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Nicholas Copernicus

Polish monk and astronomer who developed a heliocentric model of the universe.

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Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer who supported the heliocentric theory and was later arrested by the Catholic Church.

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Isaac Newton

English mathematician and physicist who discovered the law of gravity and proved Copernicus' heliocentric model.

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John Locke

Belief that people have natural rights that must be protected by the government.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Belief that government needs to have three branches to prevent an absolute monarchy

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Social Contract

Agreement of regular people with the government, power at the hands of the people.

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Voltaire

Advocated for freedom of speech, politics, and religion and against state religion.

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Adam Smith

Laissez-faire economics, where the government should not intervene in the economy.

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Argued that the Enlightenment excluded women and advocated for women’s rights.

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Enlightenment Despotism

Saying they’re king or queen because they’re useful not because of god

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Robespierre

Radical leader during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror

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Napoleonic Code

Law code established by Napoleon Bonaparte that promoted equality for citizens in the French empire.

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Toussaint Louverture

Educated former slave who led the Haitian Revolution against European colonizers.

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Simon Bolivar

Creole leader in South America inspired by the Enlightenment and French Revolution.

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Congress of Vienna

Meeting to restore order and stability in Europe after Napoleon, crushing revolution and nationalism

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Otto Von Bismarck

Prussian Chancellor who developed realpolitik and led German unification.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

Military general associated with Italian Unification

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Count Camillo de Cavour

Intellectual figure associated with Italian Unification

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New Machinery of the Industrial Revolution

Spinning Jenny and Water Frame

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Capitalism

Economic system advocating for individual ownership of business instead of government

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Karl Marx

Wrote Communist Manifesto (1848)

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Berlin Conference

conference led by Otto von Bismarck to divide Africa into spheres of influence.

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Boxer Rebellion

Chinese Nationalists who killed British foreigners

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Meiji Restoration

Process of westernization, modernization, and industrialization in Japan.

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Long term Causes of WW1 (MAIN)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

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Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles

Germany takes full blame for WW1.

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Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks and promised peace, bread, and land redistribution

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Stalin's 5 year plan

Plans to rapidly industrialize the USSR.

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Collectivization of Agriculture

Policy to make enough food for the entire country done FORCIBLY

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German invasion of Poland (1939)

Invasion that sets off WW2

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Battle of Stalingrad

Battle in which German troops caught in Russian winter, USSR wins. Turning point in WW2!!

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Atomic Bombs

US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force Japan to surrender.

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NUREMBERG LAWS!!! (1935)

Denied jews citizenship, prohibited jewish and german marriage, prevented jews from farming, teaching and journalism.

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WANNSEE CONFRENCE

Turning to genocide - “final solution to the jewish question”

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Gandhi's Leadership

Peaceful protest and civil disobedience

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Partition of India (1947)

Caused by conflict between Hindus and Muslims and resulted in refugee/migration crisis

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Iron Curtain Speech by Churchill

recognition of division between comm and democratic

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Domino Theory

US wants to combat communism being spread into more counties

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Marshall Plan (1948)

US gave economic aid to rebuild Europe but ultimately so the country can rebuild and combat the spread of communism

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Symbol of the Cold war

Berlin Wall (1961)

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Detente

relaxation of cold war tensions

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Gorbachev’s Soviet Union

Goal is to reform economy using perestroika

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The Four Modernizations (economy)

Goal: reform china’s economy

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Tiananmen Square Massacre (1989)

Students protest that called for individual freedoms and democracy and the government responded with military

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PAN AFRICANISM!!

Nationalism

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Fall of Apartheid

ANC civil disobedience

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Ataturk

modernize and westernize turkey

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Balfour Declaration!!! (1917)

statement by british govt supporting the idea of a jewish state as long as there’s no persecution against palestinians

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SIX DAY WAR

Egypt blocked Israel’s access to the red sea, Israel attacked, in six days, Israel took control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and controlled all of Jerusalem

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United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

state the basic rights of all human beings