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Spiritual

An African American religious folk song.

Yeoman

Southern owner of a small farm who did not have enslaved people.

Nativist

A person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants.

Prejudice

An unfair opinion not based on facts.

Morse Code

A system for transmitting that uses a series of dots and dashes to represent the letters of the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation.

Literacy

Ability to read and write.

Overseer

Person who supervises a large operation or its work.

Capital

Money for investment.

Famine

An extreme shortage of food.

Strike

A stopping of work to force an employer to meet demands.

Telegraph

A device or system for transmitting messages that uses electrical signals to transmit messages by code or over wires.

Slave Codes

Laws passed in the southern states that controlled or restricted enslaved people.

Tenant Farmer

A farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent in either cash or crop.

Cotton Gin

A machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber.

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of a group; unequal treatment because of a person’s race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth.

Trade Union

An organization of workers with the same trade or skill.

Clipper Ship

A fast sailing ship with slender lines, tall masts, and large square sails.