Exam 2 African American History Clifton

Certificate of Freedom

A legal document that granted an enslaved person their freedom in the United States. It was often issued by a court or slave owner, and served as proof of emancipation.

Slave driver

A person, often a slave themselves, tasked with overseeing and enforcing labor among other enslaved individuals on plantations.

Overseer

George Fitzhugh

Slave Codes

Most profitable southern product at mid 19th century

James Hammond

Weakest master-slave relationship?

Principal safe guard of a slave against abuse

Les Cenelles

David Walker’s Appeal

William Lloyd Garrison

Denmark Vesey

Gabriel “Prosser” Conspiracy

Early abolitionists

Later abolitionists

Underground Railroad, Levi Coffin

What job did the majority of slaves have?

Freedom Suits, Petitions

Most common form of punishing slaves?

The whip

Which state had the most slaveholders with 20 or more slaves?

Virginia was the state with the highest number of slaveholders who owned 20 or more slaves.

What percentage of white southerners owned slaves in 1860?

25%

By the early 1800s which states had a surplus number of slaves?

Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky

Gang system

A method of slave labor organization where enslaved people worked in groups under constant supervision, primarily in the fields.

What was the most dreaded technique of slave resistance?

The most dreaded technique was rebellion, which involved organized uprisings among enslaved people against their captors, often leading to violent confrontations.

What was the approximate slave population in 1860?

4 million slaves

What were the demands of the militant abolitionists?

Why were slaves invited to white churches?

What were the arguments of the pro-slavery advocates?

Nat Turner

A leader of a slave rebellion in 1831, believed he was chosen by God to lead his people to freedom, resulting in a violent uprising against slaveholders in Virginia.

Crispus Attucks

What often happened after a slave revolt or a failed conspiracy was uncovered?

Stono, South Carolina

Why were slaveholders concerned about a large number of free Negroes in the South?

William and Ellen Craft

Freedom’s Journal

John Russwurm and Samuel Cornish

were the founders and editors of Freedom's Journal, the first African American-owned newspaper in the United States, published in 1827, which aimed to advocate for the rights and empowerment of black Americans.

Victor Sejour and Armand Lanusse

Two prominent African American writers of the 19th century, known for their contributions to literature and discussions on race.

Thomy Lafon

Thomy Lafon was a prominent African American entrepreneur and philanthropist in the 19th century, known for his contributions to the economic development of the African American community in New Orleans.

Dred Scott Case (Dred Scott v. Sandford)

Benjamin Banneker

William Wells Brown

Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act

John Brown’s Raid

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Mulatto

Quadroon

Richard Allen and Absalom Jones

Abroad Marriage

Marriage between a slave man and woman who live on separate plantations

Georgia Men

Domestic slave traders, buy from the upper south and would sale to the lower southern states

Charles Deslondes – Rebellion in Louisiana (German Coast -1811)

Slave patrols

Presidential candidates in 1860

In what southern states could free Blacks vote until 1834 and 1835?

Tennessee and North Carolina were among the southern states where free Blacks could vote until 1834 and 1835.

Which slave states could free Blacks testify against a white person?

Methods of slave resistance