3. Explain the issue of the length of the vowels in English. What role is played by the distribution of the sounds? Explain the pre-fortis clipping process.

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8 Terms

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-long and short vowels

the sound length of all English vowels varies very much according to their contexts, as explained in pre-fortis clipping.

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short vowels:

e, æ, ʌ, ʊ, ɒ, ə, ɪ

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long vowels

iː, ɜː, A:, O:, uː

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Distribution of the sounds

  • plays role in determining vowel length, which is influenced syllable structure, stress patterns, phonetic environment, etc.

  • E. vowels tend to be longer in stressed

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Pre-fortis clipping

  • when a stressed vowel is followed by a voiceless consonant within the same syllable

  • the length of that vowel is considerably reduced.

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Voiceless consonants

p, t, k, f, s, tf, θ

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Voiced

= normal length

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voiceless

= much shorter