Studied by 7 people
Aztec Empire
dominant indigenous empire found in Central America before the Spanish arrived.
Who conquered the Aztecs and allowed Spanish influence throughout the region?
Hernan Cortes
Year of Bacon's Rebellion
1676
Bacon's Rebellion
rebellion between the planter class and the lower class in VA over land (and Native Americans settled there
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer working for the Spanish to find and eastward route to the Indies
The year Christopher Columbus set sail
1492
What did Christopher Columbus discover?
the "new world" in the western hemisphere; set the tone of European settlement
Elizabeth 1
Queen of england who oversaw the expansion of British influence on the seas(by hiring privateers) and in the new world
When did Ferdinand Magellan set sail?
1520
Ferdinand Magellan
Spanish explorer who set off to circumnavigate the glove. His crew succeeded
Francis Drake
A british privateer who harassed the spanish and also succeeded in circumnavigating the globe.
What did Francis Drake oversee?
He oversaw the naval encounter with the Spanish Armada that leads to its sinking
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador who destroyed the Incan empire in South America
George Whitefield
itinerant preacher during the Great Awakening. Hi charisma helps to spread the Gospel from Georgia to New Hampshire
Great Awakening
A time of significant Christian fervor and the growth of churches in the British colonies.
The great awakening was unique to which country and helped for what?
It's a uniquely American event that helps to unify the colonies
Hegemony
dominance of one country over many
When did Hernando Cortes destroy the aztec empire
1519
Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador who spent most of his time in present-day Mexico.
Cortes destroyed which empire
Aztec empire
When was the House of Burgesses established?
1619
House of Burgesses purpose and in what state
It was an elected body and precursor to Congress in VA
Incan empire
dominant indigenous empire in South America
Indenture
a contract of service
How long did indentured servants work and what did they receive after finishing
They worked for 5-7 years and then got their own piece of land on the frontier
James Oglethorpe
founder of georgia colony. Used debtors(prisoners) to populate it
When was Jamestown founded?
1607
Jamestown
the first permanent British settlement/colony in the New World. Located in VA
John Smith
Adventurer and member of the Jamestown colony that saved it from falling apart in the early years
John Winthrop
Leader of the Puritan settlers that went to the Massachusetts Bay colony to establish a permanent settlement
John Edwards
Preacher of the Great Awakening
What is Johnathan Edwards known for?
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Where was Johnathan Edwards located
New England
Joint-Stock Company
methods of raising funds and support for settlement in the New World. Investors would buy a stock and 100 acres of land in the New World. They could also pay for headrights of workers which would earn them another 50 acres per headright
Powhatan Tribe
one of the local indigenous tribes found in VA when Jamestown was settled. Pocahontas came from this tribe
Puritans
a religious group
Quakers
a religious group that settled in Pennsylvania
What were the Quakers known for?
they were known for acceptance of other religious groups in their communities
Roger Williams
A dissenter from Massachusetts Bay who left in order to settle a new place. Went to present day Rhode Island. There
Separatists
aka Pilgrims. set up the first democracy in the New World
When did Separatists settle the Plymouth colony
1620
Spanish Armada
the bulk of the Spanish navy- very powerful and large. They were sunk off the coast of England which transferred control of the seas to England
When was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed
1494
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
it divided the New World at 46 degrees and gave Portugal everything to the east of that line and Spain everything to the west.
What did the treaty of tordesillas lead to
It led to the dominance of Spain in the Western Hemisphere
Who drew up and signed the treaty of tordesillas
Pope Alexander VI and Spain and Portugal signed it
When was the Toleration Act signed
1649
What did the Toleration Act of 1649 do?
it allowed for the practice of any Christian religion in their colony
Where did the toleration act pass and apply to?
Maryland
Walter Raleigh and Roanoke
Raleigh led the first attempt at settling the New World to Roanoke (present day Outer Banks NC)
William Bradford
Leader of the Pilgrims at Plymouth
William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania colony
what crop did John Rolfe discover he could grow for commercial profit
Tobacco
list one characteristic of the settlers that came to New England on the Mayflower
idealist
What kind of government did the Mayflower Compact establish
A self sustaining economic system
How many pounds of tobacco purchased a wife in the VA colony
125
Although not the first colony to have slavery which colony has the largest number of slaves per capita in the late 1600s
Barbados/Carolinas
From where did the majority of the original colonists in Carolina come from
Barbados
What was the main challenge with money in the colonies
no one had coins/bills of money owned were banned from use
Name one of the conflicts between Native Americans and colonists centered in New England
the colonies were expanding into Native American territories
What event ended the Spanish naval dominance in Europe and the western hemisphere
King Philip's War
Give one kind of payment listed in your book that was used to pay for classes at Harvard College
a cow
list potential causes of the great awakening
growth of secularism/materialism
Salem Witch trials (1692
The great awakening was a movement towards...
experience
Wesley Brothers
Founders of Methodist Church; Charles and John
William and Gilbert Tennent
Presbyterian church who created Princeton as a way to train ministers
List consequences of the great awakening
membership in churches increased
increase in educational colleges and universities
essentially causes the revolution
New England colony group economy
fishing and agriculture
Ct was created separately by whom?
the king
Middle colony group states
Pennsylvania
Middle Colonies Economy
agriculture
Southern colonies economy
fishing
What were the Europeans looking for?
Gold/wealth
The mark of the portugese is:
the increase in technology (sail driven boats)
Why did England and France not participate in the early forming of the colonies
England- doesn't have the technology France-catholic vs protestant war
Spanish vs English relationships
Philip(Spanish) tries to marry Elizabeth (English)- she rejects and steals gold from his ships
When did the Spanish armada sink?
1588
Which was larger: Plymouth of the Massachusetts Bay Company
Massachusetts Bay Company
Alien and Sedition Acts
laws created that restricted rights of immigrants and anti-government activities
What ability did the alien and sedition acts give the government
to imprison without cause
the alien and sedition acts increased which party: federalist or anti-federalist?
federalist authority
Anti-federalists
group of people who oppose the Constitution due to its lack of protection of individual rights
cabinet
group of advisors to the president; precedent set by washington
what departments does the cabinet include
Treasury, war and state
Constitutional convention
1787
Democratic-republicans
political party led by Jefferson; opposed Federalists/Hamiltonians
the democratic-republicans began what?
the two-party system
The Federalist Papers
a group of essays written by Plubius (Madison
who wrote the federalist papers
madison, Jay and hamilton
federalists
group of people that favor a strong central government.
are the federalists an official party?
no
Who initially led the federalists
hamilton and madison
who proposed the great compromise
proposed by Roger sherman
What did the great compromise do
2 legislative houses; 1 based on population (house of representatives) and 1 equal for all states (senate)
the house of representatives was based on
population
the senate was
equal for all states
Jay treaty
treaty between british and US that reiterated the agreement in the Treaty of Paris that both sides would live up to the agreement; delayed warfare
Judiciary Act of 1789
state courts can appeal decisions to the supreme court if they deal with the Constitution
Judiciary Act of 1801
act signed by Adams to increase the number of justices in the Supreme court
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
written by Jefferson and Madison- called the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional and advocated the authority of the states to nullify federal law they think unconstitutional
Note
Flashcard