dominant indigenous empire found in Central America before the Spanish arrived.
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Who conquered the Aztecs and allowed Spanish influence throughout the region?
Hernan Cortes
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Year of Bacon's Rebellion
1676
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Bacon's Rebellion
rebellion between the planter class and the lower class in VA over land (and Native Americans settled there
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Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer working for the Spanish to find and eastward route to the Indies
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The year Christopher Columbus set sail
1492
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What did Christopher Columbus discover?
the "new world" in the western hemisphere; set the tone of European settlement
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Elizabeth 1
Queen of england who oversaw the expansion of British influence on the seas(by hiring privateers) and in the new world
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When did Ferdinand Magellan set sail?
1520
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Ferdinand Magellan
Spanish explorer who set off to circumnavigate the glove. His crew succeeded
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Francis Drake
A british privateer who harassed the spanish and also succeeded in circumnavigating the globe.
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What did Francis Drake oversee?
He oversaw the naval encounter with the Spanish Armada that leads to its sinking
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Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador who destroyed the Incan empire in South America
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George Whitefield
itinerant preacher during the Great Awakening. Hi charisma helps to spread the Gospel from Georgia to New Hampshire
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Great Awakening
A time of significant Christian fervor and the growth of churches in the British colonies.
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The great awakening was unique to which country and helped for what?
It's a uniquely American event that helps to unify the colonies
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Hegemony
dominance of one country over many
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When did Hernando Cortes destroy the aztec empire
1519
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Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador who spent most of his time in present-day Mexico.
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Cortes destroyed which empire
Aztec empire
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When was the House of Burgesses established?
1619
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House of Burgesses purpose and in what state
It was an elected body and precursor to Congress in VA
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Incan empire
dominant indigenous empire in South America
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Indenture
a contract of service
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How long did indentured servants work and what did they receive after finishing
They worked for 5-7 years and then got their own piece of land on the frontier
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James Oglethorpe
founder of georgia colony. Used debtors(prisoners) to populate it
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When was Jamestown founded?
1607
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Jamestown
the first permanent British settlement/colony in the New World. Located in VA
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John Smith
Adventurer and member of the Jamestown colony that saved it from falling apart in the early years
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John Winthrop
Leader of the Puritan settlers that went to the Massachusetts Bay colony to establish a permanent settlement
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John Edwards
Preacher of the Great Awakening
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What is Johnathan Edwards known for?
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
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Where was Johnathan Edwards located
New England
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Joint-Stock Company
methods of raising funds and support for settlement in the New World. Investors would buy a stock and 100 acres of land in the New World. They could also pay for headrights of workers which would earn them another 50 acres per headright
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Powhatan Tribe
one of the local indigenous tribes found in VA when Jamestown was settled. Pocahontas came from this tribe
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Puritans
a religious group
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Quakers
a religious group that settled in Pennsylvania
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What were the Quakers known for?
they were known for acceptance of other religious groups in their communities
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Roger Williams
A dissenter from Massachusetts Bay who left in order to settle a new place. Went to present day Rhode Island. There
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Separatists
aka Pilgrims. set up the first democracy in the New World
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When did Separatists settle the Plymouth colony
1620
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Spanish Armada
the bulk of the Spanish navy- very powerful and large. They were sunk off the coast of England which transferred control of the seas to England
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When was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed
1494
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What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
it divided the New World at 46 degrees and gave Portugal everything to the east of that line and Spain everything to the west.
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What did the treaty of tordesillas lead to
It led to the dominance of Spain in the Western Hemisphere
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Who drew up and signed the treaty of tordesillas
Pope Alexander VI and Spain and Portugal signed it
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When was the Toleration Act signed
1649
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What did the Toleration Act of 1649 do?
it allowed for the practice of any Christian religion in their colony
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Where did the toleration act pass and apply to?
Maryland
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Walter Raleigh and Roanoke
Raleigh led the first attempt at settling the New World to Roanoke (present day Outer Banks NC)
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William Bradford
Leader of the Pilgrims at Plymouth
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William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania colony
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what crop did John Rolfe discover he could grow for commercial profit
Tobacco
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54
list one characteristic of the settlers that came to New England on the Mayflower
idealist
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What kind of government did the Mayflower Compact establish
A self sustaining economic system
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How many pounds of tobacco purchased a wife in the VA colony
125
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Although not the first colony to have slavery which colony has the largest number of slaves per capita in the late 1600s
Barbados/Carolinas
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From where did the majority of the original colonists in Carolina come from
Barbados
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What was the main challenge with money in the colonies
no one had coins/bills of money owned were banned from use
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Name one of the conflicts between Native Americans and colonists centered in New England
the colonies were expanding into Native American territories
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What event ended the Spanish naval dominance in Europe and the western hemisphere
King Philip's War
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Give one kind of payment listed in your book that was used to pay for classes at Harvard College
a cow
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list potential causes of the great awakening
growth of secularism/materialism
Salem Witch trials (1692
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The great awakening was a movement towards...
experience
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Wesley Brothers
Founders of Methodist Church; Charles and John
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William and Gilbert Tennent
Presbyterian church who created Princeton as a way to train ministers
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List consequences of the great awakening
membership in churches increased
increase in educational colleges and universities
essentially causes the revolution
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New England colony group economy
fishing and agriculture
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Ct was created separately by whom?
the king
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Middle colony group states
Pennsylvania
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Middle Colonies Economy
agriculture
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Southern colonies economy
fishing
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What were the Europeans looking for?
Gold/wealth
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The mark of the portugese is:
the increase in technology (sail driven boats)
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Why did England and France not participate in the early forming of the colonies
England- doesn't have the technology France-catholic vs protestant war
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Spanish vs English relationships
Philip(Spanish) tries to marry Elizabeth (English)- she rejects and steals gold from his ships
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When did the Spanish armada sink?
1588
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Which was larger: Plymouth of the Massachusetts Bay Company
Massachusetts Bay Company
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Alien and Sedition Acts
laws created that restricted rights of immigrants and anti-government activities
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What ability did the alien and sedition acts give the government
to imprison without cause
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the alien and sedition acts increased which party: federalist or anti-federalist?
federalist authority
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Anti-federalists
group of people who oppose the Constitution due to its lack of protection of individual rights
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cabinet
group of advisors to the president; precedent set by washington
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what departments does the cabinet include
Treasury, war and state
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Constitutional convention
1787
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Democratic-republicans
political party led by Jefferson; opposed Federalists/Hamiltonians
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the democratic-republicans began what?
the two-party system
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The Federalist Papers
a group of essays written by Plubius (Madison
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who wrote the federalist papers
madison, Jay and hamilton
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federalists
group of people that favor a strong central government.
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are the federalists an official party?
no
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Who initially led the federalists
hamilton and madison
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who proposed the great compromise
proposed by Roger sherman
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What did the great compromise do
2 legislative houses; 1 based on population (house of representatives) and 1 equal for all states (senate)
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the house of representatives was based on
population
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the senate was
equal for all states
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Jay treaty
treaty between british and US that reiterated the agreement in the Treaty of Paris that both sides would live up to the agreement; delayed warfare
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Judiciary Act of 1789
state courts can appeal decisions to the supreme court if they deal with the Constitution
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Judiciary Act of 1801
act signed by Adams to increase the number of justices in the Supreme court
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
written by Jefferson and Madison- called the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional and advocated the authority of the states to nullify federal law they think unconstitutional
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