AP Psych Unit 1

Alcohol is a __________ to your body.

depressant

Barbituates are __________ to your body.

depressants

Opium and opium derivatives are __________ to your body.

depressants

Caffeine is a __________ to your body.

stimulant

Methamphetamine is a __________ to your body.

stimulant

Nicotine is a __________ to your body.

stimulant

Cocaine is a __________ to your body.

stimulant

Ecstacy (MDMA) is a __________ and a mild __________ to your body.

stimulant, hallucinogen

LSD is a __________ to your body.

hallucinogen

Marijuana (THC) is a mild __________ to the body.

hallucinogen

__________ encourage neural firing.

Agonists

__________ discourage neural firing.

Antagonists

In __________ dependence, the body has been altered in ways that create cravings for the drug.

physical

In __________ dependence, a person’s resources for coping with daily life wither as a drug becomes “needed” to relax, talk, or sleep.

psychological

__________ is the distress experienced when the “high” subsides

withdrawal

Depression, memory loss, organ damage and impaired reactions are all negative aftereffects of what drug?

alcohol

Depressed physiology, agonizing withdrawal are negative aftereffects of what drug?

heroin

Anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia in high doses; uncomfortable withdrawal are all negative aftereffects of what drug?

caffeine

Heart disease and cancer are negative aftereffects of what drug?

nicotine

Cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash are all negative aftereffects of what drug?

cocaine

Irritability, insomnia, hypertension and seizures are all negative aftereffects of what drug?

meth

Dehydration, overheating, depressed mood, and impaired cognitive and immune functioning are negative aftereffects of what drug?

ecstasy

Risk of panic is a negative aftereffect of what drug?

LSD

Impaired learning and memory, and increased risk of psychological disorders are negative aftereffects of what drug?

marijuana

What neurotransmitter’s function involves movement, learning, attention, and reward and pleasure?

dopamine

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience schizophrenia-like symptoms. What is it?

dopamine

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience Parkinson’s disease and low motivation. What is it?

dopamine

What neurotransmitter’s function involves mood, sleep, appetite, and arousal?

serotonin

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience Serotonin Syndrome. What is it?

serotonin

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience depression, anxiety, and insomnia. What is it?

serotonin

What neurotransmitter’s function involves alertness, arousal, and fight-or-flight?

norepinephrine

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience anxiety and high blood pressure. What is it?

norepinephrine

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience depression and low energy. What is it?

norepinephrine

What neurotransmitter’s function involves being the major excitatory neurotransmitter, memory, and learning?

glutamate

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience migraines and seizures. What is it?

glutamate

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience cognitive impairment. What is it?

glutamate

What neurotransmitter’s function involves being the major inhibitory neurotransmitter and calming neuroactivity?

GABA

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience excess sedation. What is it?

GABA

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience anxiety, seizures, and insomnia. What is it?

GABA

What neurotransmitter’s function involves being a natural painkillers, pleasure, and stress relief?

endorphins

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience insensitivity to pain and thrill-seeking. What is it?

endorphins

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience pain sensitivity and depression. What is it?

endorphins

What neurotransmitter’s functions involve sending pain messages to the brain?

substance P

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may chronic pain and inflammation. What is it?

substance P

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience reduced pain sensations. What is it?

substance P

What neurotransmitter’s functions involves muscle action, learning, and memory?

acetylcholine

If you have too much of this neurotransmitter, you may experience muscle spasms. What is it?

acetylcholine

If you have too little of this neurotransmitter, you may experience Alzheimer’s disease and paralysis. What is it?

acetylcholine

What hormone function’s involve increasing heart rate and energy during stress?

adrenaline

If you have too much of this hormone, you may experience anxiety and hypertension. What is it?

adrenaline

If you have too little of this hormone, you may experience fatigue and lowered stress response. What is it?

adrenaline

What hormone’s function involves regulating fullness and metabolism?

leptin

If you have too much of this hormone, you may experience _____ resistance which leads to obesity. What is it?

leptin

If you have too little of this hormone, you may experience overeating and weight gain. What is it?

leptin

What hormone’s function involves triggering hunger?

ghrelin

If you have too much of this hormone, you may experience obesity and binge eating. What is it?

ghrelin

If you have too little of this hormone, you may experience appetite loss and weight loss. What is it?

ghrelin

What hormone’s function involves regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

melatonin

If you have too much of this hormone, you may experience drowsiness and a disrupter rhythm. What is it?

melatonin

If you have too little of this hormone, you may experience insomnia and poor sleep. What is it?

melatonin

What hormone’s function involves bonding, trust, childbirth, and lactation?

oxytocin

If you have too much of this hormone, you may experience oversensitivity to social cues. What is it?

oxytocin

If you have too little of this hormone, you may experience difficulty bonding with others. What is it?

oxytocin

Sensory neurons are __________

afferent

Motor neurons are __________

efferent

What neurons carry messages from one neuron to another?

interneurons

Is the endocrine system or the nervous system faster?

nervous system

An __________ is a drug molecule that increases a neurotransmitters action and it mimics the neurotransmitter.

agonist

An __________ is a drug molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitters actions by binding to the receptor and blocking it off.

antagonist

Which imaging method records the brain’s electrical activities in waves by placing electrodes on the scalp?

EEG

Which imaging method takes images by measuring the magnetic field from the brain’s natural activity?

MEG

Which imaging method takes x-ray photos taken from different angles and combines them to show a “slice” of the brain to see where an issue is?

CT

Which imaging method can detect where radioactive glucose goes as the brain performs a task?

PET

Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images (more clear than CT scans)?

MRI

Which imaging technique measures blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans?

fMRI

What part of the brain is the relay station for incoming and outgoing sensory information (apart from smell)?

thalamus

What part of the brain filters sensory messages if it is rewarding, it activates the reward center and releases dopamine? It also controls arousal.

reticular formation

What part of the brain coordinates sleep and movements?

pons

Which part of the brain controls heart rate and breathing?

medulla

Which part of the brain processes sensory input, movements, learning, memory, time, emotion, and touch?

cerebellum

Which part of the brain is linked to fear, emotion, and aggression?

amygdala

Which part of the brain helps to process for storage explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events?

hypothalamus

What part of the brain is a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres?

corpus callosum

What lobe of the brain is the division of the cerebral cortex that contains the motor cortex, prefrontal areas, and the frontal association area?

frontal lobe

What cortex is the band running down the side of the frontal lobe that controls all bodily movements?

motor cortex

What area of the frontal lobe enables us to re-experience personal past events?

prefrontal area

What lobe of the brain is the division of the cerebral cortex that registers and provides all sensation (touch)?

parietal lobe

What cortex is the band running down the side of the parietal lobe that registers and provides all sensation (touch)?

sensory cortex

What lobe of the brain is the division of the cerebral cortex that interprets visual information? This is the area of the brain that interprets what say based on the information taken in from the eyes.

occipital lobe

What lobe of the brain is the division of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and some speech functions? It controls an area specifically designed to create sentences that make sense.

temporal lobe