Studied by 9 peoplematter
anything that has mass and takes up space
volume
the amount of space an object takes up
mass
the amount of matter in an object
density
how much mass is in a volume: mass/volume=?
inertia
the property of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force
viscosity
the resistance of a liquid to flow
weight
changes with gravity: though the mass is constant as gravity changes
pressure
a way to measure the amount of force being applied to a certain area: force/area=? (kPa)
solution
a well mixed mixture
solute
the smaller percent of the solution that is being dissolved by the solvent
solvent
the larger percent of the solution that does the dissolving
suspension
a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated (with filtering, etc.)
solubility
how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
saturated solution
this type of solution doesn’t dissolve when new solute is added because it has already dissolved as much solute as it is capable of
unsaturated solution
this type of solution continues to dissolve when new solute is added because it has not reached its maximum dissolving capacity
supersaturated solution
when the temperature of a saturated solution is increased, any new solute should now be able to dissolve and becomes this type of solution
physical change
a phase change: when matter changes from one state to another
chemical change
a phase change on a molecular level: including/due to chemicals
atom
the smallest particle of an element
mixture
two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined
boiling point of water
water boils at 100 degrees celsius
freezing point of water
water freezes at 0 degrees celsius
heterogenous
this type of mixture is made up of different compositions, appearances, and properties
homogenous
This type of mixture is made up of the same composition, appearances, and properties
compound
a pure substance formed from chemical combinations of two or more different elements
element
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by any chemical means
amorphous solid
can change shape under certain conditions: ex. playdough
crystal
atoms arranged in a repeating pattern
Boyle’s Law
inverse relationship between volume and pressure where: volume decreased - pressure of gas increased, volume increased - pressure of gas decreased
Charles’ Law
relation ship between volume and temperature where: volume decreased - temperature of gas decreased, volume increased - temperature of gas increased
temperature
measurement of average movement of molecules in a substance: faster the molecules move, the warmer
exothermic
any reaction that gets warmer or releases heat
endothermic
any reaction that gets colder or absorbs heat
melting point
temperature at which a substances changes from a solid to a liquid
dilute
a solution that has only a little solute
concentrate
a solution that has a lot of solute
precipitate
a solid that forms from a solution in a chemical reaction
thermodynamics
the study of the patterns of energy change
thermal equilibrium
when a hot and cold body come in contact and reach the same temperature
heat capacity
the maximum amount of heat an object can give up or take in
conduction
heat is transferred by direct contact: ex. cooking something on a pan on a gas stove
convection
when hot air rises and allows cooler air to come in and be heated: heat transferred by gas or liquid
radiation
when heat is transferred by electro-magnetic waves
conservation of energy
input a certain amount of energy, and the same amount is your outcome: energy can be changed from one form to another
heat
the exchange of thermal energy from a hot body to a cold body
work (work energy)
the directed movement of matter from one location to another
independent variable
a variable that isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure
dependent variable
a variable that depends on other factors
expansion
due to heat the speed of particles increase and metals get bigger
contraction
cooling metals have particles that are slowing down, meaning the metal will revert back to its original form.
neutralization
a reaction where bases do not react with acids
indicator
changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
molecular speed
the speed of a group of molecules in a gas
solutes effect on solvents
solutes lower solvent’s freezing points, and raise the boiling points
acid properties
a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns litmus paper red
base properties
a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns litmus paper blue
corrosive
a substance that “eats away” or breaks down other materials: ex. acid is this
kinetic energy
the energy an object has because of its motion
potentional energy
the energy that is stored, or “conserved” in an object or substance
the law of conservation matter
the law where matter is never created or destroyed under any conditions
Note 
Flashcard (135)